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Australia

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Economy & public finances

Synthesis notes

Labour market

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Purchasing power & prices

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Education & training

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Health

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Security & crime

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Housing

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Immigration & integration

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Environment, energy & climate

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Transport & mobility

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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

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Defense

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Institutional trust

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Economy & public finances★ Primary KPI

Australia — GDP growth

Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
2 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Australia — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
2,182 USD bn
2030
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Australia — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
49 % PIB
2030
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Australia — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-2 % PIB
2030
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Australia — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
27.6 % PIB
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Australia — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards, in dollars.
64.6K USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Australia — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
23.6 % PIB
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Australia — Gross fixed capital formation

Investment in durable assets — machinery, buildings, housing — by firms, households and government; shown as an index.
24.09 index
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Australia — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-3.5 % PIB
2030
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Australia — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
63,387 M USD
2025
Source: IMF· 2025
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Labour market★ Primary KPI

Australia — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.2 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Labour market

Australia — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
9.4 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Labour market

Australia — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
64.1 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Labour market

Australia — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
66.7 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Purchasing power & prices★ Primary KPI

Australia — Inflation (CPI)

Average annual rise in consumer prices (CPI); 2% is the common target, above it purchasing power erodes.
2.9 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Education & training★ Primary KPI

Australia — Education expenditure

Total spending on education as % of GDP; measures the national effort for schools and universities.
5.1 % PIB
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training★ Primary KPI

Australia — Education Spending

Public spending on education
5.1 % GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Australia — Tertiary attainment (25-34)

Share of 25-34 year-olds with a tertiary degree; measures the qualification level of the young generation.
36.8 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Australia — PISA scores

Average pupil score on the international PISA tests (reading, maths, science); allows education systems to be compared.
491 score
2018
Source: World Bank· 2024
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Education & training

Australia — Tertiary enrolment

Number of students enrolled in higher education; tracks the expansion of universities.
108 count
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Australia — Spending per student

Average spending per pupil or student, in euros; measures resources allocated per learner.
15.7K EUR
2022
Source: OECD
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Health★ Primary KPI

Australia — Life expectancy

Average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current mortality conditions.
83.05 years
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Australia — Infant mortality

Deaths of children before age 1 per 1,000 live births; a key indicator of a country's health.
3.1 per 1000
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Australia — Health expenditure

Current health spending as % of GDP; measures resources devoted to the healthcare system.
10.3 % PIB
2024
Source: OECD· 2025
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Health

Australia — Health spending per capita

Current health spending per capita, in US dollars. Measures what a country devotes on average per person to the healthcare system.
7K USD
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Australia — Physician density

Number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants; a low level signals medical deserts.
4.09 per 1000
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Australia — Vaccination coverage

Share of the population properly vaccinated; a high rate protects the community.
93 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Australia — Preventable mortality

Deaths that could have been avoided through prevention or care, per 100,000; lower is better.
99 per 100k
2023
Source: OECD
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Health

Australia — Hospital beds

Number of hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants; measures hospital capacity.
3.82 per 1000
2016
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Security & crime★ Primary KPI

Australia — Homicides

Homicides per 100,000 inhabitants; the most reliable violence indicator as it is best recorded.
0.85 per 100k
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Housing★ Primary KPI

Australia — Property price index

House price index (Notaires-INSEE); tracks property prices, base 100 at a reference year.
133 index
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
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Housing

Australia — Household credit

Outstanding credit to households as % of GDP. Measures structural household leverage.
112.1 % GDP
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
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Immigration & integration

Australia — Net migration

Difference between people entering and leaving the territory; positive means more arrivals than departures.
138.5K count
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate★ Primary KPI

Australia — GHG emissions

Total greenhouse-gas emissions, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; cutting it is the climate goal.
591 MtCO2e
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Australia — Renewable energy share

Share of renewables in energy consumption; the higher, the more decarbonised the mix.
12.3 %
2021
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Australia — Air quality (PM2.5)

Average concentration of fine PM2.5 particles in the air; above WHO thresholds, health is at risk.
8.25 µg/m3
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Australia — Forest cover

Share of land covered by forest; a carbon sink and a biodiversity marker.
17.4 %
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Transport & mobility★ Primary KPI

Australia — Road mortality

Number of people killed on the roads; the main road-safety indicator.
4.9 count
2019
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Australia — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
33.8 index
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Australia — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
17.4 count
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
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Defense★ Primary KPI

Australia — Defense spending

Military spending as % of GDP; measures the national defense effort.
1.9 % GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Australia — Military spending (USD)

Military spending in current USD; enables volume comparison.
33.8B USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Australia — Active military personnel

Number of active-duty military personnel; reflects the size of the armed forces.
60K count
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Australia — Military personnel (% labour force)

Share of military personnel in the labour force.
0.4 %
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Australia — Arms exports

Value of arms transfers exported; indicates weight in the global defense industry.
75M USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Australia — Arms imports

Value of arms transfers imported; indicates dependence on external suppliers.
983M USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Australia — Defense spending — % of government expenditure

Military expenditure as a share of total general government expenditure.
5 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Australia — Defense spending — local currency (EUR)

Military expenditure in current local currency units (EUR) — domestic-budget view.
51.4B EUR
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Institutional trust★ Primary KPI

Australia — Trust in national government

Share of the population reporting trust in the national government.
46.2 %
2023
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Australia — Trust in parliament

Share of the population reporting trust in parliament.
43.2 %
2023
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Australia — Trust in the justice system

Share of the population reporting trust in the justice system.
58.6 %
2023
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Australia — Trust in local government

Share of the population reporting trust in local government.
50.8 %
2023
Source: OECD
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