Load-shedding: Eskom and the electricity crisis
Rolling power cuts, « load-shedding », returned during the campaign for the 2026 local elections. Stagnant generation, coal still dominant, solar growing fast: what the series say about South African electricity.
Scope: South Africa, electricity generation by source and demand (Ember, yearly since 2000, monthly since 2018), real value added of electricity, gas and water (national accounts, South African Reserve Bank), access to electricity (World Bank).
Key points
- Generation no longer grows. South Africa generated 243 TWh of electricity in 2025, 8% less than in 2007 (263 TWh), while its population grew 28% over the period.
- Coal remains dominant. It supplies 81% of electricity in 2025, against 93% in 2000 and 33% on average in the world. Over the latest twelve months (Sep. 2025 – Aug. 2026) the share is 79.5%.
- Solar and wind take off. They generate 30.8 TWh in 2025, about 6 times more than in 2015. All renewables together reach a share of 13.6%, against 2.6% in 2015.
- Less electricity per person. Demand divided by the population is 3,658 kWh in 2025, 29% less than in 2007. Real value added of electricity, gas and water is 24% below its Q4 2007 peak.
- Broad but incomplete access. 90% of the population has access to electricity in 2024, against 92% in the world and 55% in sub-Saharan Africa.
How to read these figures
Generation and demand come from Ember, a research centre that compiles national and international electricity statistics (CC BY 4.0 licence). Generation covers the plants of Eskom, the state utility, and independent producers; rooftop solar not passing through the grid is estimated and may be under-counted. Demand is generation plus net imports; divided by the population (World Bank), it gives consumption per person in kilowatt-hours.
Load-shedding itself is not measured here. Eskom publishes the hours of « manual load reduction » on its data portal, but its terms of use reserve the data to Eskom and forbid exploiting it in any way: Citoyen does not reuse them. The value added of electricity, gas and water, in constant 2015 rand, comes from the national accounts published by the South African Reserve Bank; it measures the sector’s activity, not the power delivered.
1. Generation at a ceiling
Electricity generation peaked in 2007. It has never returned to that level, and the sector’s activity follows the same slope.
Electricity generation by source
Terawatt-hours a year (Ember).
- Solar
- Wind
- Hydro and bioenergy
- Gas and other fossil
- Nuclear
- Coal
Source:EmberType of source : Research
Show the chart data
| Period | Coal | Nuclear | Gas and other fossil | Hydro and bioenergy | Wind | Solar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 196.1 TWh | 13.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 1.6 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2001 | 197.2 TWh | 10.7 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 2.1 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2002 | 206.0 TWh | 12.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 2.5 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2003 | 220.3 TWh | 12.7 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 1.2 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2004 | 229.9 TWh | 13.4 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 1.3 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2005 | 231.8 TWh | 11.3 TWh | 0.1 TWh | 1.8 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2006 | 240.4 TWh | 10.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 3.3 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2007 | 247.6 TWh | 11.3 TWh | 1.3 TWh | 3.3 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2008 | 243.3 TWh | 13.0 TWh | 0.2 TWh | 1.7 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2009 | 234.7 TWh | 12.8 TWh | 0.1 TWh | 1.9 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2010 | 243.5 TWh | 13.5 TWh | 1.0 TWh | 1.5 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2011 | 244.4 TWh | 12.9 TWh | 1.6 TWh | 3.5 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2012 | 239.7 TWh | 13.0 TWh | 3.7 TWh | 1.4 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2013 | 233.5 TWh | 14.1 TWh | 6.7 TWh | 1.6 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 0.1 TWh |
| 2014 | 229.8 TWh | 13.8 TWh | 6.9 TWh | 2.2 TWh | 1.1 TWh | 1.1 TWh |
| 2015 | 227.3 TWh | 12.2 TWh | 4.0 TWh | 1.1 TWh | 3.1 TWh | 2.4 TWh |
| 2016 | 229.6 TWh | 15.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh | 1.0 TWh | 4.2 TWh | 3.0 TWh |
| 2017 | 228.7 TWh | 14.2 TWh | 0.1 TWh | 1.2 TWh | 7.0 TWh | 3.9 TWh |
| 2018 | 231.0 TWh | 11.6 TWh | 1.2 TWh | 1.5 TWh | 6.4 TWh | 4.5 TWh |
| 2019 | 225.3 TWh | 13.3 TWh | 1.4 TWh | 1.2 TWh | 6.6 TWh | 5.4 TWh |
| 2020 | 214.1 TWh | 9.9 TWh | 1.5 TWh | 1.9 TWh | 6.4 TWh | 7.0 TWh |
| 2021 | 210.9 TWh | 12.4 TWh | 3.3 TWh | 2.4 TWh | 8.7 TWh | 7.8 TWh |
| 2022 | 201.8 TWh | 10.1 TWh | 3.7 TWh | 3.5 TWh | 9.7 TWh | 10.4 TWh |
| 2023 | 192.3 TWh | 8.1 TWh | 3.7 TWh | 2.5 TWh | 11.6 TWh | 14.7 TWh |
| 2024 | 206.8 TWh | 7.8 TWh | 1.9 TWh | 1.6 TWh | 11.1 TWh | 18.4 TWh |
| 2025 | 197.5 TWh | 10.2 TWh | 1.9 TWh | 2.2 TWh | 11.3 TWh | 19.5 TWh |
Real value added of electricity, gas and water
Billions of constant 2015 rand, seasonally adjusted and annualised. Latest point: Q2 2026, R94.6bn.
Source:South African Reserve Bank (Statistics South Africa national accounts)
Show the chart data
| Period | Value added |
|---|---|
| Q1 1990 | R78.9bn |
| Q2 1990 | R78.5bn |
| Q3 1990 | R78.9bn |
| Q4 1990 | R79.6bn |
| Q1 1991 | R79.9bn |
| Q2 1991 | R80.7bn |
| Q3 1991 | R80.9bn |
| Q4 1991 | R80.5bn |
| Q1 1992 | R81.2bn |
| Q2 1992 | R80.8bn |
| Q3 1992 | R80.9bn |
| Q4 1992 | R80.8bn |
| Q1 1993 | R82.8bn |
| Q2 1993 | R83.6bn |
| Q3 1993 | R84.4bn |
| Q4 1993 | R85.7bn |
| Q1 1994 | R87.5bn |
| Q2 1994 | R89.1bn |
| Q3 1994 | R89.6bn |
| Q4 1994 | R89.8bn |
| Q1 1995 | R91.3bn |
| Q2 1995 | R91.4bn |
| Q3 1995 | R90.8bn |
| Q4 1995 | R89.6bn |
| Q1 1996 | R93.4bn |
| Q2 1996 | R97.4bn |
| Q3 1996 | R103.2bn |
| Q4 1996 | R108.3bn |
| Q1 1997 | R106.0bn |
| Q2 1997 | R106.3bn |
| Q3 1997 | R104.1bn |
| Q4 1997 | R101.6bn |
| Q1 1998 | R99.7bn |
| Q2 1998 | R98.3bn |
| Q3 1998 | R96.9bn |
| Q4 1998 | R96.8bn |
| Q1 1999 | R96.1bn |
| Q2 1999 | R97.0bn |
| Q3 1999 | R97.5bn |
| Q4 1999 | R99.1bn |
| Q1 2000 | R100.1bn |
| Q2 2000 | R100.8bn |
| Q3 2000 | R101.2bn |
| Q4 2000 | R99.6bn |
| Q1 2001 | R98.0bn |
| Q2 2001 | R96.6bn |
| Q3 2001 | R96.4bn |
| Q4 2001 | R95.9bn |
| Q1 2002 | R97.4bn |
| Q2 2002 | R99.6bn |
| Q3 2002 | R100.9bn |
| Q4 2002 | R102.6bn |
| Q1 2003 | R102.5bn |
| Q2 2003 | R102.6bn |
| Q3 2003 | R103.0bn |
| Q4 2003 | R104.2bn |
| Q1 2004 | R106.1bn |
| Q2 2004 | R108.2bn |
| Q3 2004 | R111.9bn |
| Q4 2004 | R114.1bn |
| Q1 2005 | R114.1bn |
| Q2 2005 | R115.2bn |
| Q3 2005 | R116.1bn |
| Q4 2005 | R118.5bn |
| Q1 2006 | R119.4bn |
| Q2 2006 | R119.7bn |
| Q3 2006 | R119.9bn |
| Q4 2006 | R120.7bn |
| Q1 2007 | R122.6bn |
| Q2 2007 | R123.6bn |
| Q3 2007 | R124.9bn |
| Q4 2007 | R125.0bn |
| Q1 2008 | R119.4bn |
| Q2 2008 | R118.7bn |
| Q3 2008 | R122.4bn |
| Q4 2008 | R118.0bn |
| Q1 2009 | R116.6bn |
| Q2 2009 | R117.1bn |
| Q3 2009 | R118.1bn |
| Q4 2009 | R118.4bn |
| Q1 2010 | R120.2bn |
| Q2 2010 | R120.1bn |
| Q3 2010 | R119.8bn |
| Q4 2010 | R121.5bn |
| Q1 2011 | R122.2bn |
| Q2 2011 | R122.5bn |
| Q3 2011 | R121.9bn |
| Q4 2011 | R122.2bn |
| Q1 2012 | R122.4bn |
| Q2 2012 | R121.2bn |
| Q3 2012 | R121.7bn |
| Q4 2012 | R121.8bn |
| Q1 2013 | R119.2bn |
| Q2 2013 | R121.5bn |
| Q3 2013 | R122.2bn |
| Q4 2013 | R121.1bn |
| Q1 2014 | R120.0bn |
| Q2 2014 | R119.1bn |
| Q3 2014 | R119.4bn |
| Q4 2014 | R119.6bn |
| Q1 2015 | R118.8bn |
| Q2 2015 | R113.8bn |
| Q3 2015 | R112.0bn |
| Q4 2015 | R111.6bn |
| Q1 2016 | R111.3bn |
| Q2 2016 | R109.9bn |
| Q3 2016 | R110.1bn |
| Q4 2016 | R108.5bn |
| Q1 2017 | R109.7bn |
| Q2 2017 | R110.6bn |
| Q3 2017 | R109.9bn |
| Q4 2017 | R110.8bn |
| Q1 2018 | R111.4bn |
| Q2 2018 | R110.9bn |
| Q3 2018 | R111.5bn |
| Q4 2018 | R111.3bn |
| Q1 2019 | R109.2bn |
| Q2 2019 | R108.5bn |
| Q3 2019 | R107.0bn |
| Q4 2019 | R105.5bn |
| Q1 2020 | R105.2bn |
| Q2 2020 | R92.2bn |
| Q3 2020 | R103.7bn |
| Q4 2020 | R104.4bn |
| Q1 2021 | R104.0bn |
| Q2 2021 | R104.7bn |
| Q3 2021 | R104.8bn |
| Q4 2021 | R101.7bn |
| Q1 2022 | R104.0bn |
| Q2 2022 | R102.5bn |
| Q3 2022 | R99.6bn |
| Q4 2022 | R97.5bn |
| Q1 2023 | R96.6bn |
| Q2 2023 | R95.8bn |
| Q3 2023 | R96.0bn |
| Q4 2023 | R98.3bn |
| Q1 2024 | R98.3bn |
| Q2 2024 | R100.2bn |
| Q3 2024 | R101.6bn |
| Q4 2024 | R100.1bn |
| Q1 2025 | R97.5bn |
| Q2 2025 | R97.6bn |
| Q3 2025 | R95.0bn |
| Q4 2025 | R93.0bn |
| Q1 2026 | R93.7bn |
| Q2 2026 | R94.6bn |
2. Coal, still
Coal supplies most of the electricity, a share far above the world average. Nuclear power from the Koeberg plant adds 10.2 TWh in 2025.
Share of coal in electricity generation
South Africa and world (Ember).
- World
- South Africa
Source:EmberType of source : Research
Show the chart data
| Period | South Africa | World |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 93.1% | 38.1% |
| 2001 | 93.9% | 38.1% |
| 2002 | 93.4% | 38.4% |
| 2003 | 94.1% | 39.6% |
| 2004 | 94.0% | 39.1% |
| 2005 | 94.6% | 39.6% |
| 2006 | 94.7% | 40.2% |
| 2007 | 94.0% | 40.9% |
| 2008 | 94.2% | 40.2% |
| 2009 | 94.1% | 39.9% |
| 2010 | 93.8% | 39.9% |
| 2011 | 93.1% | 40.7% |
| 2012 | 92.9% | 40.0% |
| 2013 | 91.2% | 40.9% |
| 2014 | 90.2% | 40.6% |
| 2015 | 90.9% | 38.8% |
| 2016 | 90.8% | 37.9% |
| 2017 | 89.6% | 38.1% |
| 2018 | 90.1% | 38.1% |
| 2019 | 89.0% | 36.8% |
| 2020 | 88.9% | 35.5% |
| 2021 | 85.9% | 36.1% |
| 2022 | 84.4% | 35.7% |
| 2023 | 82.6% | 35.4% |
| 2024 | 83.5% | 34.3% |
| 2025 | 81.4% | 33.2% |
Monthly generation by source
Terawatt-hours a month (Ember). Solar and wind together; « other »: hydro, bioenergy, gas and other fossil fuels.
- Other
- Solar and wind
- Nuclear
- Coal
Source:EmberType of source : Research
Show the chart data
| Period | Coal | Nuclear | Solar and wind | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. 2018 | 19.16 TWh | 1.10 TWh | 1.05 TWh | 0.07 TWh |
| Feb. 2018 | 17.49 TWh | 1.16 TWh | 0.87 TWh | 0.07 TWh |
| Mar. 2018 | 19.89 TWh | 0.69 TWh | 0.82 TWh | 0.19 TWh |
| Apr. 2018 | 18.58 TWh | 0.67 TWh | 0.74 TWh | 0.39 TWh |
| May 2018 | 20.68 TWh | 0.61 TWh | 0.78 TWh | 0.16 TWh |
| Jun. 2018 | 20.12 TWh | 0.80 TWh | 0.83 TWh | 0.19 TWh |
| Jul. 2018 | 20.49 TWh | 1.30 TWh | 0.86 TWh | 0.08 TWh |
| Aug. 2018 | 19.83 TWh | 1.23 TWh | 0.84 TWh | 0.12 TWh |
| Sep. 2018 | 18.95 TWh | 0.91 TWh | 0.88 TWh | 0.14 TWh |
| Oct. 2018 | 20.10 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 1.03 TWh | 0.18 TWh |
| Nov. 2018 | 19.22 TWh | 0.66 TWh | 1.05 TWh | 0.32 TWh |
| Dec. 2018 | 18.49 TWh | 0.74 TWh | 1.03 TWh | 0.18 TWh |
| Jan. 2019 | 18.21 TWh | 1.37 TWh | 1.16 TWh | 0.21 TWh |
| Feb. 2019 | 16.59 TWh | 1.24 TWh | 0.88 TWh | 0.51 TWh |
| Mar. 2019 | 18.22 TWh | 1.37 TWh | 0.93 TWh | 0.42 TWh |
| Apr. 2019 | 18.34 TWh | 1.33 TWh | 0.82 TWh | 0.24 TWh |
| May 2019 | 20.07 TWh | 1.11 TWh | 0.78 TWh | 0.13 TWh |
| Jun. 2019 | 19.62 TWh | 1.33 TWh | 0.88 TWh | 0.14 TWh |
| Jul. 2019 | 20.09 TWh | 1.34 TWh | 0.97 TWh | 0.16 TWh |
| Aug. 2019 | 19.20 TWh | 1.37 TWh | 0.87 TWh | 0.07 TWh |
| Sep. 2019 | 18.59 TWh | 1.08 TWh | 0.97 TWh | 0.15 TWh |
| Oct. 2019 | 19.56 TWh | 0.69 TWh | 1.05 TWh | 0.27 TWh |
| Nov. 2019 | 18.65 TWh | 0.67 TWh | 1.07 TWh | 0.28 TWh |
| Dec. 2019 | 17.51 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 1.11 TWh | 0.34 TWh |
| Jan. 2020 | 17.75 TWh | 1.19 TWh | 1.10 TWh | 0.40 TWh |
| Feb. 2020 | 16.98 TWh | 1.28 TWh | 0.91 TWh | 0.26 TWh |
| Mar. 2020 | 17.63 TWh | 1.18 TWh | 0.91 TWh | 0.40 TWh |
| Apr. 2020 | 14.36 TWh | 0.69 TWh | 0.84 TWh | 0.13 TWh |
| May 2020 | 17.57 TWh | 0.66 TWh | 0.81 TWh | 0.14 TWh |
| Jun. 2020 | 19.00 TWh | 0.64 TWh | 0.90 TWh | 0.16 TWh |
| Jul. 2020 | 19.37 TWh | 0.94 TWh | 0.95 TWh | 0.29 TWh |
| Aug. 2020 | 18.80 TWh | 0.80 TWh | 1.10 TWh | 0.29 TWh |
| Sep. 2020 | 18.26 TWh | 0.66 TWh | 1.06 TWh | 0.18 TWh |
| Oct. 2020 | 18.88 TWh | 0.84 TWh | 1.16 TWh | 0.11 TWh |
| Nov. 2020 | 17.46 TWh | 1.32 TWh | 1.31 TWh | 0.07 TWh |
| Dec. 2020 | 16.83 TWh | 1.33 TWh | 1.35 TWh | 0.35 TWh |
| Jan. 2021 | 17.19 TWh | 0.74 TWh | 1.27 TWh | 0.58 TWh |
| Feb. 2021 | 16.06 TWh | 0.62 TWh | 1.14 TWh | 0.75 TWh |
| Mar. 2021 | 18.02 TWh | 0.69 TWh | 1.17 TWh | 0.60 TWh |
| Apr. 2021 | 18.20 TWh | 0.67 TWh | 0.95 TWh | 0.29 TWh |
| May 2021 | 19.30 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 1.13 TWh | 0.40 TWh |
| Jun. 2021 | 18.98 TWh | 0.89 TWh | 1.13 TWh | 0.36 TWh |
| Jul. 2021 | 19.42 TWh | 1.37 TWh | 1.26 TWh | 0.22 TWh |
| Aug. 2021 | 18.68 TWh | 1.34 TWh | 1.21 TWh | 0.17 TWh |
| Sep. 2021 | 17.35 TWh | 1.25 TWh | 1.40 TWh | 0.15 TWh |
| Oct. 2021 | 16.96 TWh | 1.26 TWh | 1.53 TWh | 0.51 TWh |
| Nov. 2021 | 16.20 TWh | 1.31 TWh | 1.54 TWh | 0.38 TWh |
| Dec. 2021 | 15.69 TWh | 1.35 TWh | 1.56 TWh | 0.52 TWh |
| Jan. 2022 | 16.52 TWh | 0.96 TWh | 1.51 TWh | 0.60 TWh |
| Feb. 2022 | 16.02 TWh | 0.61 TWh | 1.29 TWh | 0.57 TWh |
| Mar. 2022 | 17.61 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 1.32 TWh | 0.64 TWh |
| Apr. 2022 | 16.44 TWh | 0.66 TWh | 1.47 TWh | 0.78 TWh |
| May 2022 | 17.93 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 1.31 TWh | 0.70 TWh |
| Jun. 2022 | 17.85 TWh | 0.66 TWh | 1.39 TWh | 0.60 TWh |
| Jul. 2022 | 17.94 TWh | 0.66 TWh | 1.61 TWh | 0.34 TWh |
| Aug. 2022 | 17.82 TWh | 1.00 TWh | 1.80 TWh | 0.34 TWh |
| Sep. 2022 | 15.44 TWh | 0.80 TWh | 1.69 TWh | 0.58 TWh |
| Oct. 2022 | 15.90 TWh | 1.35 TWh | 1.76 TWh | 0.48 TWh |
| Nov. 2022 | 15.34 TWh | 1.21 TWh | 1.96 TWh | 0.56 TWh |
| Dec. 2022 | 13.86 TWh | 0.82 TWh | 2.07 TWh | 0.79 TWh |
| Jan. 2023 | 14.40 TWh | 0.69 TWh | 2.15 TWh | 0.81 TWh |
| Feb. 2023 | 13.50 TWh | 0.61 TWh | 1.84 TWh | 0.77 TWh |
| Mar. 2023 | 15.72 TWh | 0.69 TWh | 2.04 TWh | 0.67 TWh |
| Apr. 2023 | 14.62 TWh | 0.60 TWh | 1.77 TWh | 0.71 TWh |
| May 2023 | 15.70 TWh | 0.69 TWh | 1.63 TWh | 0.81 TWh |
| Jun. 2023 | 16.54 TWh | 0.63 TWh | 2.02 TWh | 0.56 TWh |
| Jul. 2023 | 16.64 TWh | 0.66 TWh | 1.93 TWh | 0.63 TWh |
| Aug. 2023 | 16.24 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 2.22 TWh | 0.47 TWh |
| Sep. 2023 | 14.92 TWh | 0.66 TWh | 2.30 TWh | 0.45 TWh |
| Oct. 2023 | 16.13 TWh | 0.67 TWh | 2.54 TWh | 0.46 TWh |
| Nov. 2023 | 14.58 TWh | 0.73 TWh | 2.42 TWh | 0.75 TWh |
| Dec. 2023 | 14.61 TWh | 0.83 TWh | 2.55 TWh | 0.33 TWh |
| Jan. 2024 | 14.24 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 2.52 TWh | 0.75 TWh |
| Feb. 2024 | 13.72 TWh | 0.65 TWh | 2.46 TWh | 0.59 TWh |
| Mar. 2024 | 15.60 TWh | 0.70 TWh | 2.28 TWh | 0.59 TWh |
| Apr. 2024 | 15.68 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 2.10 TWh | 0.32 TWh |
| May 2024 | 17.10 TWh | 0.70 TWh | 1.92 TWh | 0.20 TWh |
| Jun. 2024 | 18.02 TWh | 0.64 TWh | 1.84 TWh | 0.36 TWh |
| Jul. 2024 | 18.59 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 2.11 TWh | 0.19 TWh |
| Aug. 2024 | 17.58 TWh | 0.69 TWh | 2.45 TWh | 0.18 TWh |
| Sep. 2024 | 16.63 TWh | 0.35 TWh | 2.46 TWh | 0.51 TWh |
| Oct. 2024 | 16.58 TWh | 0.70 TWh | 2.88 TWh | 0.23 TWh |
| Nov. 2024 | 16.07 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 2.76 TWh | 0.26 TWh |
| Dec. 2024 | 14.94 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 2.86 TWh | 0.50 TWh |
| Jan. 2025 | 14.54 TWh | 1.26 TWh | 2.86 TWh | 0.56 TWh |
| Feb. 2025 | 13.74 TWh | 0.86 TWh | 2.29 TWh | 0.57 TWh |
| Mar. 2025 | 15.94 TWh | 0.52 TWh | 2.12 TWh | 0.81 TWh |
| Apr. 2025 | 15.38 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 1.87 TWh | 0.84 TWh |
| May 2025 | 16.88 TWh | 0.70 TWh | 2.26 TWh | 0.55 TWh |
| Jun. 2025 | 17.12 TWh | 0.68 TWh | 2.29 TWh | 0.48 TWh |
| Jul. 2025 | 17.69 TWh | 0.70 TWh | 2.37 TWh | 0.32 TWh |
| Aug. 2025 | 16.98 TWh | 0.70 TWh | 2.36 TWh | 0.22 TWh |
| Sep. 2025 | 15.56 TWh | 0.67 TWh | 2.41 TWh | 0.15 TWh |
| Oct. 2025 | 15.42 TWh | 0.70 TWh | 3.01 TWh | 0.19 TWh |
| Nov. 2025 | 13.91 TWh | 1.33 TWh | 2.83 TWh | 0.26 TWh |
| Dec. 2025 | 12.31 TWh | 1.41 TWh | 3.30 TWh | 0.49 TWh |
| Jan. 2026 | 12.97 TWh | 1.39 TWh | 3.41 TWh | 0.27 TWh |
| Feb. 2026 | 12.60 TWh | 1.27 TWh | 2.60 TWh | 0.38 TWh |
| Mar. 2026 | 13.74 TWh | 1.39 TWh | 2.44 TWh | 0.55 TWh |
| Apr. 2026 | 13.62 TWh | 0.81 TWh | 2.15 TWh | 0.50 TWh |
| May 2026 | 15.87 TWh | 0.48 TWh | 1.80 TWh | 0.53 TWh |
| Jun. 2026 | 16.13 TWh | 0.46 TWh | 1.97 TWh | 0.37 TWh |
| Jul. 2026 | 16.72 TWh | 0.49 TWh | 2.04 TWh | 0.17 TWh |
| Aug. 2026 | 15.96 TWh | 0.39 TWh | 2.26 TWh | 0.21 TWh |
3. The rise of solar and wind
Solar and wind generation has multiplied in ten years. It remains a small part of the total: 13.7% over the latest twelve months.
Solar and wind generation
Terawatt-hours a year (Ember). In 2025: 19.5 TWh solar, 11.3 TWh wind.
- Wind
- Solar
Source:EmberType of source : Research
Show the chart data
| Period | Solar | Wind |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2011 | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2012 | 0.0 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2013 | 0.1 TWh | 0.0 TWh |
| 2014 | 1.1 TWh | 1.1 TWh |
| 2015 | 2.4 TWh | 3.1 TWh |
| 2016 | 3.0 TWh | 4.2 TWh |
| 2017 | 3.9 TWh | 7.0 TWh |
| 2018 | 4.5 TWh | 6.4 TWh |
| 2019 | 5.4 TWh | 6.6 TWh |
| 2020 | 7.0 TWh | 6.4 TWh |
| 2021 | 7.8 TWh | 8.7 TWh |
| 2022 | 10.4 TWh | 9.7 TWh |
| 2023 | 14.7 TWh | 11.6 TWh |
| 2024 | 18.4 TWh | 11.1 TWh |
| 2025 | 19.5 TWh | 11.3 TWh |
4. Consumption and access
Divided by the population, electricity demand has fallen since its peak. Access to the grid has improved.
Electricity demand per person
Kilowatt-hours per person: demand (Ember) divided by the population (World Bank).
Source:EmberType of source : ResearchWorld Bank
Show the chart data
| Period | kWh per person |
|---|---|
| 2000 | 4,728 |
| 2001 | 4,463 |
| 2002 | 4,640 |
| 2003 | 4,787 |
| 2004 | 4,923 |
| 2005 | 4,902 |
| 2006 | 5,017 |
| 2007 | 5,152 |
| 2008 | 4,983 |
| 2009 | 4,790 |
| 2010 | 4,912 |
| 2011 | 4,895 |
| 2012 | 4,701 |
| 2013 | 4,599 |
| 2014 | 4,535 |
| 2015 | 4,381 |
| 2016 | 4,311 |
| 2017 | 4,312 |
| 2018 | 4,293 |
| 2019 | 4,160 |
| 2020 | 3,912 |
| 2021 | 3,933 |
| 2022 | 3,809 |
| 2023 | 3,675 |
| 2024 | 3,848 |
| 2025 | 3,658 |
Share of the population with access to electricity
South Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, world (World Bank).
- World
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- South Africa
Source:World Bank
Show the chart data
| Period | South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | World |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 57.6% | 28.5% | – |
| 1997 | 69.5% | 28.4% | – |
| 1998 | 64.9% | 28.6% | 73.2% |
| 1999 | 71.3% | 30.1% | 74.5% |
| 2000 | 72.4% | 25.7% | 78.2% |
| 2001 | 70.2% | 26.2% | 78.7% |
| 2002 | 76.7% | 27.3% | 79.1% |
| 2003 | 78.8% | 29.6% | 80.0% |
| 2004 | 80.6% | 29.4% | 80.0% |
| 2005 | 80.8% | 29.4% | 80.7% |
| 2006 | 80.7% | 31.2% | 81.4% |
| 2007 | 82.0% | 32.5% | 82.0% |
| 2008 | 81.9% | 32.4% | 82.7% |
| 2009 | 82.6% | 32.6% | 82.9% |
| 2010 | 82.8% | 33.3% | 83.5% |
| 2011 | 83.6% | 35.9% | 84.5% |
| 2012 | 85.2% | 36.8% | 84.9% |
| 2013 | 85.2% | 38.0% | 85.7% |
| 2014 | 85.9% | 38.4% | 86.2% |
| 2015 | 85.3% | 39.2% | 86.9% |
| 2016 | 83.9% | 43.8% | 88.1% |
| 2017 | 84.4% | 43.8% | 88.9% |
| 2018 | 84.7% | 46.4% | 89.8% |
| 2019 | 85.0% | 47.2% | 90.1% |
| 2020 | 90.0% | 48.5% | 90.4% |
| 2021 | 89.3% | 50.7% | 91.3% |
| 2022 | 86.5% | 51.5% | 91.3% |
| 2023 | 87.7% | 53.3% | 91.6% |
| 2024 | 90.2% | 55.1% | 91.9% |
What we know, what we don’t
What the figures establish
- South African electricity generation is below its level of the late 2000s.
- Coal still supplies the great majority of electricity, far more than the world average.
- Solar and wind are growing fast, from a very low level.
What they don’t tell
- The duration and depth of load-shedding: Eskom’s data are not reusable.
- The effect of power cuts on jobs or growth: these series do not measure it.
- The exact output of solar panels installed by households and firms, partly off the grid.
Sources
Series downloaded from their producers on Nov 12, 2026, the snapshot date. Only published periods are used: no projection.
- South African Reserve Bank (Statistics South Africa national accounts) Gross value added of electricity, gas and water, constant 2015 prices, seasonally adjusted and annualised (NRI6635D)
- World Bank Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL)
- World Bank Access to electricity, % of population (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS)
- Ember Type of source : Research Yearly electricity data (generation, shares, demand), CC BY 4.0
- Ember Type of source : Research Monthly electricity data, CC BY 4.0