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Economy & public finances

European Union · Government balance by subsector

Net lending (+) or borrowing (−) as % of GDP of each subsector of general government: central government, state government (federal countries), local government, social security funds. The subsectors add up to the government balance (Maastricht deficit). Eurostat (gov_10a_main) in the European Union; OECD national accounts (Table 12 over GDP) elsewhere.· The subsectors add up to the government balance (the Maastricht deficit when negative). Transfers between subsectors (State grants to local authorities, to social security) shift deficits from one to another: a subsector in surplus is often financed by another.· Licence : Eurostat reuse policy (CC BY 4.0) · source: Eurostat, government finance statistics
Social security fundsLocal governmentState governmentCentral governmentGeneral government
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Subsectors add up to the balance
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