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India

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Primary KPIs

Fresh data

NewOct 31, 2026

Economy & public finances

India — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
293.1TINR
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource

NewNov 5, 2026

Demography

India — Population by age band

Population by age band (0-19, 20-59, 60-74, 75 and over). France: Insee, population of Metropolitan France on 1 January, since 1946. Other countries and the European Union: OECD historical population data (annual estimates), since 1950 at the earliest.· Annual population estimates compiled by the OECD (historical population data, both sexes). The four bands are sums of the OECD five-year age groups (0-19 = 0-4 to 15-19; 75 and over = 75-79, 80-84 and 85 and over). Same bands as the France card, but France uses Insee estimates on 1 January: levels are not strictly comparable from one country to another. When the OECD series changes basis (one band moving by more than 15 % in a year, e.g. a new census), the card starts on the new basis.· Licence : OECD terms and conditions — source: OECD, Historical population data
75 and over60-74 years20-59 years0-19 years
Source: OECD· Data 2025Source type : Official
OECD, annual population
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NewNov 5, 2026

Demography

India — Population by age band (share)

Population by age band (0-19, 20-59, 60-74, 75 and over). France: Insee, population of Metropolitan France on 1 January, since 1946. Other countries and the European Union: OECD historical population data (annual estimates), since 1950 at the earliest.· Annual population estimates compiled by the OECD (historical population data, both sexes). The four bands are sums of the OECD five-year age groups (0-19 = 0-4 to 15-19; 75 and over = 75-79, 80-84 and 85 and over). Same bands as the France card, but France uses Insee estimates on 1 January: levels are not strictly comparable from one country to another. When the OECD series changes basis (one band moving by more than 15 % in a year, e.g. a new census), the card starts on the new basis.· Licence : OECD terms and conditions — source: OECD, Historical population data
75 and over60-74 years20-59 years0-19 years
Source: OECD· Data 2025Source type : Official
OECD, annual population
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Reforms under way

All reforms →
In forcePartially in force: the Data Protection Board and Rules 1, 2 and 17 to 21 apply from 13 November 2025; consent managers (Rule 4) one year after publication; notice, security, breach, children’s data, rights and appeals (Rules 3, 5 to 16, 22 and 23) eighteen months after publication.Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and its 2025 RulesAssented to on 11 August 2023, India’s general data protection law sets the rules for processing digital personal data: consent or « legitimate uses », duties for « data fiduciaries », rights for individuals, a Data Protection Board and penalties of up to ₹250 crore (₹2.5 billion) per breach. It also exempts State bodies notified by the government and rewrites a personal-information exemption of the Right to Information Act. The Rules notified on 13 November 2025 phase it in: the Board first, consent managers one year later, most obligations eighteen months later.Read the factsheet →
In forceFully in force: bidi at 18%, pan masala, other tobacco products, cigarettes and nicotine inhalation products at 40%, valued on the retail sale price; compensation cess set at nil on these goods.GST rate rationalisation (« GST 2.0 »), 2025On 3 September 2025 India’s GST Council, which brings together the Union and the States, replaced the four main rates of the goods and services tax (5, 12, 18 and 28%) with a standard rate of 18% and a merit rate of 5%, plus a special 40% rate for a few « sin » and luxury goods, into which the compensation cess is merged. The new rates apply since 22 September 2025; tobacco products and pan masala followed on 1 February 2026, when the compensation cess on them was withdrawn. The government puts the net revenue cost at about ₹47,700 crore; States such as Kerala fear a larger loss for themselves.Read the factsheet →
In forceIn force, rules still being completed: central rules notified on 8 May 2026; a few States and Union Territories were still pre-publishing or finalising theirs in July 2026, the repealed laws’ rules continuing to apply where consistent with the codes.The four labour codes (2019-2020)Parliament adopted the Code on Wages in August 2019, then the Industrial Relations Code, the Code on Social Security and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code in September 2020. Together they replace 29 central labour laws: a minimum wage for all employments above a national floor wage, prior government permission for lay-offs, retrenchment and closure only from 300 workers, a first legal framework for gig and platform workers, « inspectors-cum-facilitators » instead of inspectors. The four codes came into force on 21 November 2025; the central rules were notified on 8 May 2026 and a few States and Union Territories were still finalising theirs in mid-2026.Read the factsheet →

Economy & public finances — see every Economy & public finances indicator on one page

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Labour market — see every Labour market indicator on one page

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Defense — see every Defense indicator on one page

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Environment, energy & climate — see every Environment, energy & climate indicator on one page

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Purchasing power & prices — see every Purchasing power & prices indicator on one page

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Immigration & integration — see every Immigration & integration indicator on one page

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Education & training — see every Education & training indicator on one page

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Health — see every Health indicator on one page

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Security & crime — see every Security & crime indicator on one page

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Housing — see every Housing indicator on one page

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Transport & mobility — see every Transport & mobility indicator on one page

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Institutional trust — see every Institutional trust indicator on one page

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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality — see every Social cohesion, poverty & inequality indicator on one page

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Demography — see every Demography indicator on one page

Economy & public finances

India — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
6.2%
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Labour market

India — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Defense spending

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Military spending as % of GDP; measures the national defense effort.
2.2% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

India — GHG emissions

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Total greenhouse-gas emissions, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; cutting it is the climate goal.
4,371MtCO2e
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Purchasing power & prices

India — Inflation (CPI)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average annual rise in consumer prices (CPI); 2% is the common target, above it purchasing power erodes.
5%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

India — Education expenditure

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Total spending on education as % of GDP; measures the national effort for schools and universities.
4.1% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

India — Life expectancy

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current mortality conditions.
72.24years
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Security & crime

India — Homicides

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Homicides per 100,000 inhabitants; the most reliable violence indicator as it is best recorded.
2.82per 100k
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Housing

India — Property price index

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.House price index (Notaires-INSEE); tracks property prices, base 100 at a reference year.
155index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 06/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Transport & mobility

India — Road mortality

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Number of people killed on the roads; the main road-safety indicator.
15.6​
2019
Source: World Bank· Data 2019
Upd. 04/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Institutional trust

India — Leader approval

70%
Narendra Modi · Premier ministre
Source: Morning Consult — Global Leader Approval Tracker· Data 2026-06
Job approval · in office since June 2024
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

India — Poverty rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
21.9%
2011
Source: World Bank· Data 2011
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Armed forces at a glance

1,450,000​
Active personnel · 2024· ≈ order of magnitude
  • ≈1,150,000
    Reserves
  • ≈1,400,000
    Gendarmerie (paramilitary)
  • ≈4,600
    Main battle tanks
Source: IISS Military Balance 2024 · SIPRI · FAS· Data 2024
approximate values
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Education & training

India — Education Spending

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Public spending on education
4.1% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

India — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
6.2%
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Economy & public finances

India — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
4,187USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

India — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
80.4% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

India — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-6.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

India — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
13.7% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

India — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
2.6KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

India — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
6.9% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

India — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-0.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Economy & public finances

India — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
635,693M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

India — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
293.1TINR
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Labour market

India — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Labour market

India — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
15.7%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Labour market

India — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
53.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Labour market

India — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
55.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Defense spending

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Military spending as % of GDP; measures the national defense effort.
2.2% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Defense spending — % of government expenditure

Military expenditure as a share of total general government expenditure.
7.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Armed forces at a glance

1,450,000​
Active personnel · 2024· ≈ order of magnitude
  • ≈1,150,000
    Reserves
  • ≈1,400,000
    Gendarmerie (paramilitary)
  • ≈4,600
    Main battle tanks
Source: IISS Military Balance 2024 · SIPRI · FAS· Data 2024
approximate values
Explore
Defense

India — Military spending (USD)

Military spending in current USD; enables volume comparison.
85.6BUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Active military personnel

Number of active-duty military personnel; reflects the size of the armed forces.
3.1M​
2020
Source: World Bank· Data 2020
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Arms exports

Value of arms transfers exported; indicates weight in the global defense industry.
94MUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026
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Defense

India — Arms imports

Value of arms transfers imported; indicates dependence on external suppliers.
1.6BUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Military personnel (% labour force)

Share of military personnel in the labour force.
0.6%
2020
Source: World Bank· Data 2020
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

India — Defense spending — local currency (EUR)

Military expenditure in current local currency units (EUR) — domestic-budget view.
7.2TEUR
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

India — GHG emissions

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Total greenhouse-gas emissions, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; cutting it is the climate goal.
4,371MtCO2e
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Environment, energy & climate

India — Renewable energy share

Share of renewables in energy consumption; the higher, the more decarbonised the mix.
34.9%
2021
Source: World Bank· Data 2021
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

India — Air quality (PM2.5)

Average concentration of fine PM2.5 particles in the air; above WHO thresholds, health is at risk.
54.05µg/m3
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

India — Forest cover

Share of land covered by forest; a carbon sink and a biodiversity marker.
24.4%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Purchasing power & prices

India — Inflation (CPI)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average annual rise in consumer prices (CPI); 2% is the common target, above it purchasing power erodes.
5%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Immigration & integration

India — Net migration

Difference between people entering and leaving the territory; positive means more arrivals than departures.
-630.8K​
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026
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Education & training

India — Education expenditure

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Total spending on education as % of GDP; measures the national effort for schools and universities.
4.1% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Education & training

India — Education Spending

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Public spending on education
4.1% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

India — Student/Teacher Ratio

Primary school student–teacher ratio
32.75ratio
2017
Source: World Bank· Data 2017
Upd. 10/2026
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Education & training

India — Tertiary attainment (25-34)

Share of 25-34 year-olds with a tertiary degree; measures the qualification level of the young generation.
14.9%
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

India — Student-teacher ratio

Average number of pupils per teacher; a lower ratio means better supervision.
32.75ratio
2017
Source: World Bank· Data 2017
Upd. 10/2026
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Education & training

India — Tertiary enrolment

Number of students enrolled in higher education; tracks the expansion of universities.
34.42​
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

India — Digital skills — above basic

Stricter cut of digital skills — share with above-basic level in all five DigComp components.
31.4%
2025
Source: BIS· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

India — Health expenditure

Current health spending as % of GDP; measures resources devoted to the healthcare system.
3.3% GDP
2022
Source: OECD· Data 2022
Upd. 11/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

India — Health spending per capita

Current health spending per capita, in US dollars. Measures what a country devotes on average per person to the healthcare system.
84.69USD
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

India — Life expectancy

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current mortality conditions.
72.24years
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Health

India — Infant mortality

Deaths of children before age 1 per 1,000 live births; a key indicator of a country's health.
23.3per 1,000
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

India — Physician density

Number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants; a low level signals medical deserts.
0.72per 1,000
2020
Source: World Bank· Data 2020
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

India — Vaccination coverage

Share of the population properly vaccinated; a high rate protects the community.
94%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

India — Hospital beds

Number of hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants; measures hospital capacity.
1.59per 1,000
2021
Source: World Bank· Data 2021
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Security & crime

India — Homicides

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Homicides per 100,000 inhabitants; the most reliable violence indicator as it is best recorded.
2.82per 100k
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Housing

India — Property price index

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.House price index (Notaires-INSEE); tracks property prices, base 100 at a reference year.
155index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 06/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Housing

India — Household credit

Outstanding credit to households as % of GDP. Measures structural household leverage.
41.9% GDP
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 06/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Transport & mobility

India — Road mortality

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Number of people killed on the roads; the main road-safety indicator.
15.6​
2019
Source: World Bank· Data 2019
Upd. 04/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Institutional trust

India — Leader approval

70%
Narendra Modi · Premier ministre
Source: Morning Consult — Global Leader Approval Tracker· Data 2026-06
Job approval · in office since June 2024
ExploreSource
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

India — Poverty rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
21.9%
2011
Source: World Bank· Data 2011
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

India — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
23index
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Demography

India — Population by age band

Population by age band (0-19, 20-59, 60-74, 75 and over). France: Insee, population of Metropolitan France on 1 January, since 1946. Other countries and the European Union: OECD historical population data (annual estimates), since 1950 at the earliest.· Annual population estimates compiled by the OECD (historical population data, both sexes). The four bands are sums of the OECD five-year age groups (0-19 = 0-4 to 15-19; 75 and over = 75-79, 80-84 and 85 and over). Same bands as the France card, but France uses Insee estimates on 1 January: levels are not strictly comparable from one country to another. When the OECD series changes basis (one band moving by more than 15 % in a year, e.g. a new census), the card starts on the new basis.· Licence : OECD terms and conditions — source: OECD, Historical population data
75 and over60-74 years20-59 years0-19 years
Source: OECD· Data 2025Source type : Official
OECD, annual population
ExploreSource
Demography

India — Population by age band (share)

Population by age band (0-19, 20-59, 60-74, 75 and over). France: Insee, population of Metropolitan France on 1 January, since 1946. Other countries and the European Union: OECD historical population data (annual estimates), since 1950 at the earliest.· Annual population estimates compiled by the OECD (historical population data, both sexes). The four bands are sums of the OECD five-year age groups (0-19 = 0-4 to 15-19; 75 and over = 75-79, 80-84 and 85 and over). Same bands as the France card, but France uses Insee estimates on 1 January: levels are not strictly comparable from one country to another. When the OECD series changes basis (one band moving by more than 15 % in a year, e.g. a new census), the card starts on the new basis.· Licence : OECD terms and conditions — source: OECD, Historical population data
75 and over60-74 years20-59 years0-19 years
Source: OECD· Data 2025Source type : Official
OECD, annual population
ExploreSource