Emmanuel Macron: the record in figures
Since May 2017, what has improved, what has worsened, and were the campaign promises kept?
Scope: France, 14 May 2017 to 8 November 2026; compared with the EU-27 over the same periods.
Key points
- Unemployment fell during the first term, then rose again. 9.6% in April 2017, 7.6% in April 2022, 8.5% in September 2026: −1.1 points overall, half the EU’s fall (−2.2 points) over the same period.
- Employment rose markedly, above all among older workers: the employment rate of 20-64 year-olds went from 70.7% to 75.1%, that of 55-64 year-olds from 51.2% to 61.7%. These rises are slightly smaller than the EU average.
- Public finances deteriorated. Debt rose from 100.5% to 119.1% of GDP (+18.6 points, while the EU’s fell by 1.3 points); the deficit, below 3% in 2018-2019, reached 5.1% of GDP in 2025.
- Less inflation, but less growth than the EU. Prices rose by 26.7% (36.0% in the EU), but GDP grew by only 11.0% (15.1%) and real disposable income per capita by 7.5% (13.2%).
- The income-poverty rate is up (13.6% to 16.3%, with two breaks in series), and greenhouse gas emissions fell by 21% between 2016 and 2024, at the same pace as the EU.
The record in figures, period by period
Pick a period: each indicator is read between the last figure published before the term began and the last one before it ended (or the latest one for the current term), then compared with the European Union over exactly the same window.
10 improved, 5 worsened, 0 stable, 4 without value judgement
How to read the charts: France (blue) and the EU (grey) start from the same point at the beginning of the selected period, 0 for a rate (change in points), 100 for a level. Light line: before the period. Bands: the terms of office.
Economy
- Real GDPImproved+11.0%EU: +15.1%
€598bn (Q1 2017) → €664bn (Q3 2026)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
Cumulative growth of inflation-adjusted GDP (chain-linked volumes, seasonally adjusted quarterly data).
- Real GDP per capitaImproved+7.9%EU: +13.0%
€35,540 (2016) → €38,360 (2025)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
In constant 2020 euros: growth per inhabitant.
- Manufacturing outputWorsened−0.9%EU: +4.5%
104.3 (Apr 2017) → 103.4 (Sep 2026)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
Manufacturing production index (2021 = 100, seasonally and calendar adjusted).
See the card: Industrial productionSource: Eurostat sts_inpr_m
Jobs
- Unemployment rate (ILO)Improved−1.1 ptEU: −2.2 pts
9.6% (Apr 2017) → 8.5% (Sep 2026)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
ILO unemployed, aged 15-74, as % of the labour force, monthly, seasonally adjusted.
See the card: Unemployment rate (ILO)Source: Eurostat une_rt_m
- Unemployment, under 25sImproved−2.6 ptsEU: −3.5 pts
24.5% (Apr 2017) → 21.9% (Sep 2026)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
See the card: Youth unemployment (15-24)Source: Eurostat une_rt_m
- Employment rate, aged 20-64Improved+4.4 ptsEU: +6.1 pts
70.7% (Q1 2017) → 75.1% (Q2 2026)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
Share of 20-64 year-olds in employment (harmonised Labour Force Survey).
See the card: Employment rate (15-64)Source: Eurostat lfsi_emp_q
- Employment rate, aged 55-64Improved+10.5 ptsEU: +12.9 pts
51.2% (2016) → 61.7% (2025)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
See the card: Senior employment rate (55-64)Source: Eurostat lfsi_emp_a
Prices and purchasing power
- Consumer prices (HICP)No judgement+26.7%EU: +36.0%
101.6 (Apr 2017) → 128.7 (Sep 2026)
better than the EU · latest published figure
Cumulative price rise (harmonised index). A smaller rise than in the EU reads as an advantage.
See the card: HICP (harmonised)Source: Eurostat prc_hicp_minr
- Real disposable income per capitaImproved+7.5%EU: +13.2%
101.1 (Q1 2017) → 108.7 (Q2 2026)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
Purchasing power of households’ gross disposable income, per inhabitant (quarterly accounts, index).
See the card: Real disposable income per capitaSource: Eurostat nasq_10_ki
Public finances
- Budget balance (% of GDP)Worsened−1.3 ptEU: −1.7 pt
−3.8% (2016) → −5.1% (2025)
better than the EU · latest published figure
General government balance (Maastricht definition). Negative = deficit.
- Public debt (% of GDP)Worsened+18.6 ptsEU: −1.3 pt
100.5% (Q1 2017) → 119.1% (Q2 2026)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
General government gross debt (Maastricht definition), end of quarter.
- Public spending (% of GDP)No judgement−0.1 ptEU: +1.9 pt
57.4% (2016) → 57.3% (2025)
latest published figure
No value judgement: its level is a collective choice (see the commitments below).
- Taxes and social contributions (% of GDP)No judgement−1.6 ptEU: −0.2 pt
47.5% (2016) → 45.9% (2025)
latest published figure
Taxes and actual social contributions. No value judgement.
See the card: Mandatory leviesSource: Eurostat gov_10a_taxag
Social cohesion and education
- Poverty rate (60% threshold)Worsened+2.7 ptsEU: −1.2 pt
13.6% (2016) → 16.3% (2025)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
⚠ break in series within the period: read the change with care
EU-SILC survey: year N describes incomes of N−1. Breaks in series in 2020 and 2022.
- Income inequality (Gini index)Worsened+1.1 ptEU: −1.4 pt
29.3 (2016) → 30.4 (2025)
worse than the EU · latest published figure
⚠ break in series within the period: read the change with care
0 = perfect equality, 100 = one household gets everything. Same survey as poverty.
- Early leavers from educationImproved−1.6 ptEU: −1.5 pt
8.8% (2016) → 7.2% (2025)
better than the EU · latest published figure
⚠ break in series within the period: read the change with care
18-24 year-olds without upper-secondary qualification and not in training.
See the card: Early school leavingSource: Eurostat edat_lfse_14
Climate and energy
- Greenhouse gas emissionsImproved−20.9%EU: −20.5%
464 Mt (2016) → 367 Mt (2024)
better than the EU · latest published figure
National inventory, excluding land use (LULUCF), international aviation included, million tonnes CO₂ equivalent.
- Renewables share of energyImproved+8.4 ptsEU: +8.2 pts
15.5% (2016) → 23.9% (2025)
better than the EU · latest published figure
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption.
Immigration
- First-time asylum applicationsNo judgement+51.7%EU: −42.4%
76,790 (2016) → 116,475 (2025)
latest published figure
No value judgement. The EU had peaked in 2015-2016, hence its fall over the period.
See the card: Asylum applicationsSource: Eurostat migr_asyappctza
How to read: “Improved” / “Worsened” gives the direction of change for a citizen (less unemployment, more jobs…), not a cause. An indicator whose level is a political choice (spending, taxes, asylum) is shown without judgement. Source: Eurostat, data extracted on 8 November 2026.
Show the full table of indicators for the selected period
| Indicator | Start of period | End of period | Change | EU (same period) | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real GDP | €598bn (Q1 2017) | €664bn (Q3 2026) | +11.0% | +15.1% | Improved |
| Real GDP per capita | €35,540 (2016) | €38,360 (2025) | +7.9% | +13.0% | Improved |
| Manufacturing output | 104.3 (Apr 2017) | 103.4 (Sep 2026) | −0.9% | +4.5% | Worsened |
| Unemployment rate (ILO) | 9.6% (Apr 2017) | 8.5% (Sep 2026) | −1.1 pt | −2.2 pts | Improved |
| Unemployment, under 25s | 24.5% (Apr 2017) | 21.9% (Sep 2026) | −2.6 pts | −3.5 pts | Improved |
| Employment rate, aged 20-64 | 70.7% (Q1 2017) | 75.1% (Q2 2026) | +4.4 pts | +6.1 pts | Improved |
| Employment rate, aged 55-64 | 51.2% (2016) | 61.7% (2025) | +10.5 pts | +12.9 pts | Improved |
| Consumer prices (HICP) | 101.6 (Apr 2017) | 128.7 (Sep 2026) | +26.7% | +36.0% | No judgement |
| Real disposable income per capita | 101.1 (Q1 2017) | 108.7 (Q2 2026) | +7.5% | +13.2% | Improved |
| Budget balance (% of GDP) | −3.8% (2016) | −5.1% (2025) | −1.3 pt | −1.7 pt | Worsened |
| Public debt (% of GDP) | 100.5% (Q1 2017) | 119.1% (Q2 2026) | +18.6 pts | −1.3 pt | Worsened |
| Public spending (% of GDP) | 57.4% (2016) | 57.3% (2025) | −0.1 pt | +1.9 pt | No judgement |
| Taxes and social contributions (% of GDP) | 47.5% (2016) | 45.9% (2025) | −1.6 pt | −0.2 pt | No judgement |
| Poverty rate (60% threshold) | 13.6% (2016) | 16.3% (2025) | +2.7 pts | −1.2 pt | Worsened ⚠ |
| Income inequality (Gini index) | 29.3 (2016) | 30.4 (2025) | +1.1 pt | −1.4 pt | Worsened ⚠ |
| Early leavers from education | 8.8% (2016) | 7.2% (2025) | −1.6 pt | −1.5 pt | Improved ⚠ |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | 464 Mt (2016) | 367 Mt (2024) | −20.9% | −20.5% | Improved |
| Renewables share of energy | 15.5% (2016) | 23.9% (2025) | +8.4 pts | +8.2 pts | Improved |
| First-time asylum applications | 76,790 (2016) | 116,475 (2025) | +51.7% | −42.4% | No judgement |
Strengths and weaknesses
What the data say over the whole period (May 2017 → latest figure), separating what moved faster or slower than in the rest of the Union. The figures come from the table above.
What improved
- Jobs. Employment rate of 20-64 year-olds at 75.1% (+4.4 points), of 55-64 year-olds at 61.7% (+10.5 points); youth unemployment fell from 24.5% to 17.9% during the first term.
- Contained inflation. Consumer prices rose by 26.7% since April 2017, against 36.0% in the EU, including during the 2022-2023 surge.
- Slightly lower taxes. Taxes and social contributions went from 47.5% to 45.9% of GDP (2016 → 2025), while they stayed flat in the EU ; their level remains well above the EU average (40.5% in 2025).
- Greenhouse gas emissions. −20.9% between 2016 and 2024 (464 → 367 Mt CO₂ eq.), at the same pace as the EU; the renewables share rose from 15.5% to 23.9%.
- Early school leaving. The share of 18-24 year-olds who left without a qualification fell from 8.8% to 7.2%, well below the EU average.
What worsened
- Debt and deficit. Debt gained 18.6 points of GDP (100.5% → 119.1%) while the EU’s fell; after Covid, the deficit never went back below 4.7% of GDP and reached 5.1% in 2025.
- Growth below the EU average. Real GDP +11.0% against +15.1% in the EU, real GDP per capita +7.9% against +13.0%; manufacturing output is still below its April 2017 level (−0.9%, EU +4.5%).
- Purchasing power per capita. Real disposable income per capita rose by 7.5% (EU +13.2%), only 1.7% of it during the second term.
- Poverty and inequality. The poverty rate went from 13.6% to 16.3% and the Gini index from 29.3 to 30.4, while both fell in the EU; two survey breaks (2020, 2022) call for caution on the size.
- Unemployment rising in the second term. +0.9 points since April 2022 (7.6% → 8.5%) and +4.0 points among under-25s, while unemployment was flat in the EU.
Campaign promises: kept or not?
The main quantified or verifiable commitments of the 2017 and 2022 programmes, and what became of them. The status rests on the laws adopted and the official figures cited as sources; “partly kept” flags a commitment delivered in part, late or in another form.
2017 programme (“En Marche!”)
- Partly keptJobs
Bring the unemployment rate down to 7% by the end of the term (2022).
The ILO unemployment rate fell from about 9.5% in 2017 to 7.3% in Q1 2022 (INSEE), then 7.1% in Q1 2023 (7.6% in April 2022 in the Eurostat monthly series of the table). The 7% target was approached but not reached during the first term.[1],[2],[3]
- Not keptPublic finances
Cut public spending by 3 percentage points of GDP over five years, i.e. €60bn of savings.
According to Eurostat (current accounting base, see the table), public spending went from 57.4% of GDP in 2016 to 55.3% in 2019, then 61.7% in 2020 (Covid crisis), 58.4% in 2022 and 57.3% in 2025. The 3-point cut was not achieved over the two terms.[4],[5],[45]
- Partly keptPublic finances
Keep the public deficit below 3% of GDP ("within the 3% deficit bound").
According to Eurostat (current accounting base), the deficit went below 3% in 2018 (2.3%) and 2019 (2.4%), before reaching 8.9% of GDP in 2020 (Covid crisis), then 4.7% in 2022, 5.8% in 2024 and 5.1% in 2025. In October 2024 the government moved the return below 3% to 2029.[5],[6],[45]
- AbandonedPublic finances
Cut 120,000 civil-service posts (50,000 in central government, 70,000 in local government) by the end of the term.
In April 2019, after the Great National Debate, the President said he was ready to "abandon" the target "if it is not sustainable". According to La Libre, citing INSEE, France had 5.7 million civil servants in 2020 vs 5.5 million in 2017.[7],[1]
- KeptPublic finances
Exempt 80% of households from the housing tax; from 2020, 4 in 5 French people would no longer pay it.
The measure was extended to all households by the 2020 Finance Act: since 1 January 2023 the housing tax has been fully abolished on main residences and only applies to second homes (Senate).[4],[8]
- KeptPublic finances
- KeptPublic finances
Create a single flat levy on capital income of "around 30%".
The 30% single flat levy (PFU: 12.8% income tax + 17.2% social levies) applies to income received from 2018. The 2026 social security financing law raised the CSG on part of capital income (dividends, bond income): the PFU rises to 31.4% for those, and stays at 30% for others (life insurance, housing savings…).[4],[9],[11]
- KeptPublic finances
Cut the corporate income tax rate from 33.3% to 25%.
The standard corporate tax rate was cut from 33 1/3% to 25% between 2016 and 2022 (INSEE). A temporary exceptional surcharge on the profits of companies with turnover above €1bn was introduced by the 2025 Finance Act and kept in the 2026 budget.[4],[12],[13]
- KeptSecurity
- In progressJustice
Build 15,000 new prison places.
The plan, later set for 2027, is behind schedule: according to a Cour des comptes flash audit (December 2025) cited by Ifrap, 5,411 places had been delivered by September 2025, i.e. 35% of the target. Heard by the Senate on the 2025 budget, Justice Minister Didier Migaud said the plan could not be completed "before 2029 at best".[4],[15],[16]
- KeptEducation
Cap first- and second-grade (CP, CE1) classes in priority-education areas at 12 pupils per teacher.
Implemented from September 2017 (2,200 REP+ first-grade classes split; average size down from 21.6 to 13.1) and, from 2019, for CP and CE1 in REP+ and REP. Later extended to the last year of nursery school. Its effectiveness is debated (mixed studies).[4],[17],[18]
- Partly keptEnergy
Close France’s last coal-fired power plants by 2022.
Le Havre (April 2021) and Gardanne (summer 2021) closed. Cordemais and Saint-Avold were kept running after the 2022 energy crisis (law of 16 August 2022); their closure was pushed back to 2027. In 2025 coal accounted for only about 0.1% of electricity output.[19],[20]
- AbandonedEnergy
Reduce nuclear power’s share of electricity generation from 75% to 50% by 2025.
The 2019 energy-climate law pushed the target back to 2035. In February 2022 the President announced a nuclear revival (6 EPR2 reactors). In March 2023, while examining the nuclear acceleration bill, Parliament removed the 50% target.[19],[21]
- AbandonedPensions
Gradually introduce a universal pension system with common rules for calculating pensions.
The bill creating a universal points-based system passed its first reading in the National Assembly in March 2020, then was suspended on 16 March 2020 because of the Covid crisis. It was never examined by the Senate; the 2023 reform was a parametric reform (legal age), not a universal system.[4],[22],[23],[1]
- Partly keptDefence
2022 programme (“Avec vous”)
- Not keptJobs
Reach full employment within five years (by 2027), i.e. an unemployment rate of around 5%.
After a low of 7.1% in Q1 2023, ILO unemployment rose again: 8.1% in Q1 2026 and 8.3% in Q2 2026 (INSEE, 7 August 2026), its highest since 2021. On 17 May 2026 the Economy Minister acknowledged the goal was no longer "attainable" by 2027. The term is not over (May 2027).[26],[27],[28],[29]
- Partly keptPensions
Gradually raise the legal retirement age to 65 (with a €1,100 minimum pension).
The amending social security financing law for 2023 (no. 2023-270 of 14 April 2023, partly upheld by the Constitutional Council the same day) raised the legal age from 62 to 64, not 65. The 2026 social security financing law (no. 2025-1403 of 30 December 2025) suspends until 1 January 2028 the increase in the legal age and contribution period (e.g. 62 years 9 months and 170 quarters for those born in 1964), effective 1 September 2026; 64 would only apply from the 1969 cohort. It is a suspension, not a repeal.[30],[31],[32],[33],[34],[35]
- Partly keptSocial policy
Make the RSA minimum income conditional on 15 to 20 hours a week of activity towards employment.
The full-employment law of 18 December 2023 sets a target of 15 hours of weekly activities, with possible adjustments and exemptions; it was rolled out nationwide on 1 January 2025 (automatic registration of about 1 million RSA recipients with France Travail). According to the labour ministry's DGEFP, "granting the allowance is not conditional on the 15 hours" but on the commitment contract. A Dares-IPP evaluation (June 2026) notes uneven application across territories.[31],[36],[37],[38]
- KeptPublic finances
- In progressPublic finances
Abolish the CVAE (business value-added contribution), a production tax worth about €7bn.
The CVAE was halved in 2023 (2023 Finance Act), but its full abolition was postponed three times: to 2024, then 2027, then 2030 (2025 Finance Act, art. 62). A plan to bring it forward to 2028 was dropped from the 2026 budget. Top rate: 0.28% in 2026-2027, 0.19% in 2028, 0.09% in 2029, abolition on 1 January 2030.[31],[26],[41],[42]
- In progressEnergy
Commit to building 6 new nuclear reactors and study 8 more.
The 6-EPR2 programme (Penly, Gravelines, Bugey) is under way but not yet under construction: in December 2025 EDF presented a preliminary estimate of €72.8bn; the final investment decision is targeted before the end of 2026; the first two reactors (Penly) are expected online in 2038, instead of 2035 initially.[31],[43],[44]
Context: the shocks of the period
A record cannot be read out of context: several shocks hit the whole of Europe (hence the EU comparison), others were specific to France.
November 17, 2018
The “yellow vests”
First Saturday of a movement born of protests against higher fuel taxes; it led to the rise being dropped and to purchasing-power measures.[47]
March 17, 2020
Covid-19 and the first lockdown
Lockdown of the whole population from noon on 17 March 2020. 2020 concentrates the shocks visible in the table: GDP slump, deficit at 8.9% of GDP, debt surging.[48]
February 24, 2022
War in Ukraine and the energy price surge
The Russian invasion amplifies the rise in energy prices. According to Insee, the “tariff shield” halved its effect on inflation: without it, inflation between Q2 2021 and Q2 2022 would have been 3.1 points higher.[46]
June 2022
A relative majority in parliament
For the first time since the five-year term was introduced, the re-elected president has only a relative majority in the National Assembly.[49]
June 9, 2024
The dissolution
On the evening of the European elections, the president dissolves the National Assembly; the elections of 30 June and 7 July 2024 give no bloc an absolute majority.[50]
December 4, 2024
The Barnier government is censured
After Article 49.3 was used on the 2025 social security budget, a censure motion is adopted by 331 MPs: government instability weighs on passing budgets and on the deficit path.[51]
Reforms followed by Citoyen
The major reforms of the period that have their own factsheet (timeline, measures, debate, indicators to watch).
Method
Which value at the start and end of a term? The last figure whose period had ended on that date. For a term that began on 14 May 2017: April 2017 for a monthly series, Q1 2017 for a quarterly one, 2016 for an annual one. The current term ends on the latest published figure. The two terms therefore chain exactly: the change “since 2017” is the sum of both.
Why compare with the EU? Part of the changes comes from common shocks (Covid, energy prices, interest rates). The EU-27 change over the same window is a benchmark: a France “better than the EU” did better than its neighbours’ average over the period, whatever the cause.
What this record does not say. It measures changes, not causes: an indicator that improves during a term is not necessarily due to the policies pursued, and vice versa. Annual poverty data describe the previous year’s incomes. Security and health are not included for lack of a recent harmonised series; they are followed in the site’s cards.
Sources
- Indicators. Eurostat dissemination database (namq_10_gdp, sdg_08_10, sts_inpr_m, une_rt_m, lfsi_emp_q, lfsi_emp_a, prc_hicp_minr, nasq_10_ki, gov_10a_main, gov_10q_ggdebt, gov_10a_taxag, ilc_li02, ilc_di12, edat_lfse_14, env_air_gge, nrg_ind_ren, migr_asyappctza), France and EU-27, extracted on 8 November 2026 by scripts/analyses/build-mandate-data.py.Eurostat
- Term dates. Élysée, inaugurations of 14 May 2017 and 7 May 2022 (Citoyen’s terms-of-office dataset).elysee.fr
- [1] L’heure des comptes pour Emmanuel Macron : a-t-il respecté son programme de 2017 ? · La Libre Belgique · secondary source
- [2] Au premier trimestre 2022, le taux de chômage est quasi stable à 7,3 % - Informations rapides n° 127 · Insee
- [3] Au premier trimestre 2023, le taux de chômage est stable à 7,1 % - Informations rapides n° 124 · Insee
- [4] Emmanuel Macron président. Programme. En Marche ! (élection présidentielle 23 avril et 7 mai 2017) · En Marche !
- [5] Macron veut 60 milliards d'économie de dépenses publiques (23/02/2017) · Public Sénat (AFP) · secondary source
- [6] Déficit : en promettant des réformes à Bruxelles, l’exécutif espère un sursis (23 octobre 2024) · Banque des Territoires (Localtis) · secondary source
- [7] L’exécutif abandonne la promesse de 120 000 suppressions de postes dans la fonction publique (3 juin 2019) · Acteurs publics · secondary source
- [8] Rapport n° 274 (2022-2023) de la commission des finances du Sénat · Sénat
- [9] Loi de finances 2018 : les mesures fiscales pour les particuliers · La finance pour tous (IEFP) · secondary source
- [10] Communication de Vincent Éblé, président de la commission des finances du Sénat, sur l’IFI et le PFU (26 octobre 2017) · Sénat
- [11] CSG : un taux à double vitesse pour 2026 · La finance pour tous (IEFP) · secondary source
- [12] La réforme du taux statutaire de l’Impôt sur les Sociétés - Document de travail n° 2025-18 · Insee / DGFiP
- [13] PLF 2025 : Instauration d’une contribution exceptionnelle sur les bénéfices des grandes entreprises · LégiFiscal · secondary source
- [14] Note de présentation PLF 2022 - Sécurités (police, gendarmerie) · Sénat - commission des finances
- [16] Prisons : l’objectif de 15 000 places supplémentaires en 2027 ne sera pas réalisé avant 2029, prévient Didier Migaud · Public Sénat · secondary source
- [17] Le dédoublement des classes de CP et CE1 : quel bilan ? (Pierre Merle) · La Vie des idées (Collège de France) · secondary source
- [18] Le dédoublement des classes dans les réseaux d’éducation prioritaire a eu des effets positifs et mesurables (1er octobre 2025) · Maire-info · secondary source
- [19] Le bilan contrasté du quinquennat d'Emmanuel Macron sur l'environnement · Public Sénat · secondary source
- [20] Quand est prévue la « fin du charbon » en France ? (mis à jour le 27 février 2026) · Connaissance des Énergies · secondary source
- [21] Nucléaire : l’Assemblée nationale vote la suppression du plafond de 50% dans le mix électrique en 2035 (14 mars 2023) · AFP / Connaissance des Énergies · secondary source
- [23] Retraites : le gouvernement prépare-t-il une réforme plus discrète ? · Public Sénat · secondary source
- [24] Déplacement de Sébastien Lecornu à Bruxelles du 14 au 15 février 2024 · Ministère des Armées
- [25] Rapport d'information n° 615 (2024-2025) · Sénat - commission des finances
- [26] Plein emploi, baisse d’impôts, énergies, armée... Emmanuel Macron dévoile son programme présidentiel · La Libre Belgique · secondary source
- [27] Malgré la dégradation des chiffres du chômage, le directeur général de France Travail salue un taux d’emploi « quasiment historique » · Public Sénat · secondary source
- [28] Au deuxième trimestre 2026, le taux de chômage augmente de 0,2 point et atteint 8,3 % - Informations rapides n° 192 · Insee
- [29] Le chômage explose, le gouvernement enterre le plein emploi (18 mai 2026) · Le Journal de l’Économie · secondary source
- [30] Profession de foi d’Emmanuel Macron, second tour de l’élection présidentielle 2022 (« 10 raisons de choisir le projet d’Emmanuel Macron »), archived by france-politique.fr · Emmanuel Macron campaign (document archived by france-politique.fr)
- [31] Présidentielle 2022 : que retenir du programme d'Emmanuel Macron ? · Public Sénat · secondary source
- [32] Dossier législatif - Loi de financement rectificative de la sécurité sociale pour 2023 · Sénat
- [33] Décision n° 2023-849 DC du 14 avril 2023 · Conseil constitutionnel
- [34] La loi de financement de la sécurité sociale pour 2026 est promulguée · CMS Francis Lefebvre Avocats · secondary source
- [35] Retraite : décalage de l’âge légal et l’âge de départ pour carrière longue au 1er septembre 2026 · La finance pour tous (IEFP) · secondary source
- [36] Les évolutions de la loi pour le plein emploi qui entrent en vigueur en janvier 2025 · France Travail
- [37] Loi "pour le plein emploi" : ce qui change depuis le 1er janvier · Banque des Territoires (Localtis) · secondary source
- [38] Évaluation quantitative de l’accompagnement rénové des bénéficiaires du RSA - Synthèse du rapport n° 68 (juin 2026) · Institut des politiques publiques / Dares
- [39] Décision n° 2022-842 DC du 12 août 2022 - Loi de finances rectificative pour 2022 · Conseil constitutionnel
- [40] Rapport général n° 128 (2023-2024), PLF 2024 : Médias, livre et industries culturelles · Sénat
- [41] CVAE - Cotisation sur la valeur ajoutée des entreprises · Direction générale des collectivités locales (collectivites-locales.gouv.fr)
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