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Italy

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Fresh data

Updated on Aug 5, 2026

Defense★ Primary KPI

Italy — Defense spending

Military spending as % of GDP; measures the national defense effort.
1.6 % GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource

Updated on Aug 5, 2026

Economy & public finances

Italy — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
0.9 % GDP
2025
Source: IMF· 2025
ExploreSource

Updated on Aug 5, 2026

Economy & public finances

Italy — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-3.4 % GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Updated on Aug 4, 2026

Defense

Italy — Arms imports

Value of arms transfers imported; indicates dependence on external suppliers.
432M USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Updated on Aug 4, 2026

Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
32.2 index
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource

Updated on Aug 4, 2026

Environment, energy & climate★ Primary KPI

Italy — GHG emissions

Total greenhouse-gas emissions, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; cutting it is the climate goal.
371 MtCO2e
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Updated on Aug 4, 2026

Economy & public finances★ Primary KPI

Italy — GDP Growth

Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
0.5 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Updated on Aug 3, 2026

Defense

Italy — Active military personnel

Number of active-duty military personnel; reflects the size of the armed forces.
338K
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Updated on Aug 3, 2026

Environment, energy & climate

Italy — Air quality (PM2.5)

Average concentration of fine PM2.5 particles in the air; above WHO thresholds, health is at risk.
14.29 µg/m3
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource

Updated on Aug 3, 2026

Labour market

Italy — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
49.6 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Updated on Aug 2, 2026

Health

Italy — Health expenditure

Current health spending as % of GDP; measures resources devoted to the healthcare system.
8.4 % GDP
2024
Source: OECD· 2025
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Updated on Aug 1, 2026

Defense

Italy — Defense spending — local currency (EUR)

Military expenditure in current local currency units (EUR) — domestic-budget view.
35.1B EUR
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Read the summary

Labour market

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Defense

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Environment, energy & climate

Read the summary

Purchasing power & prices

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Immigration & integration

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Education & training

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Health

Read the summary

Security & crime

Read the summary

Housing

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Transport & mobility

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Institutional trust

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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Read the summary
Economy & public finances★ Primary KPI

Italy — GDP Growth

Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
0.5 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
2,423 USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
137.3 % GDP
2025
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-3.4 % GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
50.4 % GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Public budget by function

% of total public expenditure

  • Social protection
    42.2%
  • General services
    15.4%
  • Health
    13.2%
  • Economic affairs
    10.1%
  • Education
    8.0%
  • Public order & safety
    3.5%
  • Defense
    2.6%
  • Environmental protection
    1.8%
Source: Eurostat · COFOG · 2024
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Economy & public finances

Italy — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards, in dollars.
37.3K USD
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Hourly labour cost

Average compensation of employees per hour worked — the level used in EU cost-competitiveness comparisons.
26.1 EUR/hour
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
99.36 index
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Consumer confidence

Monthly consumer confidence indicator — standard sentiment headline, pairs with the existing business climate.
-16.3 balance
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Industrial confidence

Monthly industrial confidence indicator (SA) — sentiment in the producing sector.
-7.52 balance
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
42.5 % GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Direct taxes — % GDP

Direct taxes (income, wealth, D5) as % of GDP — political-economy headline within total levies.
15.6 % GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Indirect taxes — % GDP

Indirect taxes on products & production (D2) as % of GDP — VAT + excise headline.
14.1 % GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
0.9 % GDP
2025
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Real GDP per capita

Chain-linked-volume GDP per capita (base 2020) — the real-terms version of GDP per head.
32,880 EUR/capita
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Real disposable income per capita

Quarterly real gross disposable income of households per capita (index 2010=100).
101 index
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Household saving rate

Gross saving rate of households — share of disposable income not consumed.
12.9 %
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — NFC investment rate

Gross investment rate of non-financial corporations (P51G / B1G) — supply-side health check.
22.7 %
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — R&D intensity

Total R&D expenditure as % of GDP — knowledge-economy headline; 3% Lisbon reference target.
1.4 % GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Social contributions — % GDP

Social contributions (D61) as % of GDP — third pillar of France's high fiscal pressure.
12.7 % GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — 10-year sovereign bond yield

Monthly average yield on the 10-year EMU convergence benchmark bond — sovereign borrowing-cost barometer.
3.59 %/yr
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Business birth rate

Employment-weighted enterprise birth rate (NACE B-S excl. holding cos) — entrepreneurship dynamic.
1.3 %
2023
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
349,186 M USD
2025
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Social protection

Pensions, unemployment, family, sickness, social exclusion benefits (share of total public expenditure — typically the largest line item).
42.2 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Health

Public hospitals, outpatient care, pharmaceuticals, public health (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from total health expenditure % GDP which includes private spending).
13.2 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Education

Primary, secondary, tertiary education, research and training (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from education spending % GDP).
8 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — General services

Operating costs of government bodies, legislative organs, external aid, and public debt servicing (share of total public expenditure).
15.4 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
ExploreSource
Economy & public finances

Italy — Defense

Military and civil defense expenditure (share of total public expenditure, Eurostat COFOG source — distinct concept from SIPRI % GDP).
2.6 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
ExploreSource
Economy & public finances

Italy — Public order & safety

Police, courts, prisons, and fire services (share of total public expenditure).
3.5 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
ExploreSource
Economy & public finances

Italy — Economic affairs

Sectoral subsidies, transport, energy, communications, economic R&D (share of total public expenditure).
10.1 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
ExploreSource
Economy & public finances

Italy — Environmental protection

Waste management, water, biodiversity, pollution control (share of total public expenditure).
1.8 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Italy — Housing & community amenities

Social housing, urban planning, water supply, street lighting (share of total public expenditure).
1.5 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
ExploreSource
Economy & public finances

Italy — Recreation, culture & religion

Sport, culture, public media, support for religion (share of total public expenditure).
1.7 %
of total public expenditure
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Labour market★ Primary KPI

Italy — Unemployment Rate

Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
6.1 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Labour market

Italy — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
23.7 %
2025
Source: ILO· 2023
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Labour market

Italy — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
45.2 %
2025
Source: ILO· 2023
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Labour market

Italy — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
49.6 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Labour market

Italy — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
34.03 hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· 2023
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Labour market

Italy — Job vacancies / tightness

Index of unfilled jobs and recruitment tightness; a high level signals hiring difficulties.
1.9 index
2025
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Labour market

Italy — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
49 %
2025
Source: ILO· 2023
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Defense★ Primary KPI

Italy — Defense spending

Military spending as % of GDP; measures the national defense effort.
1.6 % GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Italy — Defense spending — % of government expenditure

Military expenditure as a share of total general government expenditure.
3.2 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Italy — Armed forces at a glance

165,500
Active personnel· 2024
Personnel
  • ≈165,500
    Active personnel
  • ≈18,300
    Reserves
  • ≈102,000
    Gendarmerie (paramilitary)
Land
  • ≈200
    Main battle tanks
  • ≈7,000
    Armoured vehicles
  • ≈850
    Artillery pieces
Source: IISS Military Balance 2024 · SIPRI· 2024
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Defense

Italy — Military spending (USD)

Military spending in current USD; enables volume comparison.
38B USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Italy — Active military personnel

Number of active-duty military personnel; reflects the size of the armed forces.
338K
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Italy — Arms exports

Value of arms transfers exported; indicates weight in the global defense industry.
1.4B USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Italy — Arms imports

Value of arms transfers imported; indicates dependence on external suppliers.
432M USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Italy — Military personnel (% labour force)

Share of military personnel in the labour force.
1.4 %
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Italy — Defense spending — local currency (EUR)

Military expenditure in current local currency units (EUR) — domestic-budget view.
35.1B EUR
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate★ Primary KPI

Italy — GHG emissions

Total greenhouse-gas emissions, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; cutting it is the climate goal.
371 MtCO2e
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Italy — Electricity production by source

268 TWh· 2024
Total production
  • Other
  • Solar PV
  • Wind
  • Hydro
  • Oil
  • Natural gas
  • Coal

Electricity generation by source (not primary energy). Physical balance in TWh.

Source: Ember — Yearly Electricity Data· 2024
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Environment, energy & climate

Italy — Renewable energy share

Share of renewables in energy consumption; the higher, the more decarbonised the mix.
17.5 %
2021
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Italy — Air quality (PM2.5)

Average concentration of fine PM2.5 particles in the air; above WHO thresholds, health is at risk.
14.29 µg/m3
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Italy — Forest cover

Share of land covered by forest; a carbon sink and a biodiversity marker.
32.9 %
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Italy — Household electricity price

Eurostat band DC (2 500–4 999 kWh/year), all taxes & levies included.
0.33 EUR/kWh
2025-S1
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Purchasing power & prices★ Primary KPI

Italy — Inflation (CPI)

Average annual rise in consumer prices (CPI); 2% is the common target, above it purchasing power erodes.
1.5 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Purchasing power & prices

Italy — Household purchasing power

Change in households' purchasing power per consumption unit; what income can actually buy once prices are factored in.
1.1 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Purchasing power & prices

Italy — Average wage (SMPT)

Average wage per head; the mean gross pay of employees, in euros.
33.1K EUR
2024
Source: OECD· 2026
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Purchasing power & prices

Italy — Household savings rate

Share of disposable income households save rather than spend, in %; reflects caution and confidence.
12 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Immigration & integration★ Primary KPI

Italy — Residence permits issued

Number of first residence permits issued, by reason (work, study, asylum, family).
346.4K
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Immigration & integration

Italy — Naturalisations

Number of people who acquired the country's nationality during the year.
213.6K
2023
Source: Eurostat· 2025
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Immigration & integration

Italy — Net migration

Difference between people entering and leaving the territory; positive means more arrivals than departures.
95.2K
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Immigration & integration

Italy — Asylum applications

Number of asylum applications filed, and the share granted protection.
151.1K
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Immigration & integration

Italy — Immigrant employment rate

Employment rate of the immigrant population; compared with the average, it gauges economic integration.
66.3 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Immigration & integration

Italy — Removals / OQTF

Number of removal orders carried out; measures enforcement of removal policy.
4.5K
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Immigration & integration

Italy — Family reunification

Number of admissions under family reunification.
110.1K
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Education & training★ Primary KPI

Italy — Education expenditure

Total spending on education as % of GDP; measures the national effort for schools and universities.
4.1 % GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training★ Primary KPI

Italy — Education Spending

Public spending on education
4.1 % GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Italy — Student/Teacher Ratio

Primary school student–teacher ratio
11.48 ratio
2017
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Italy — Tertiary Attainment

Share of 25-34 year-olds with a tertiary degree; measures the qualification level of the young generation.
31.6 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Education & training

Italy — Early school leaving

Share of 18-24 year-olds who left school without an upper-secondary qualification; lower is better.
9.8 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Education & training

Italy — PISA scores

Average pupil score on the international PISA tests (reading, maths, science); allows education systems to be compared.
487 score
2018
Source: World Bank· 2024
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Education & training

Italy — Student-teacher ratio

Average number of pupils per teacher; a lower ratio means better supervision.
11.48 ratio
2017
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Italy — Tertiary enrolment

Number of students enrolled in higher education; tracks the expansion of universities.
75.95
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Italy — Graduate employment

Share of graduates employed soon after leaving education; measures entry into the job market.
74.4 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Education & training

Italy — Spending per student

Average spending per pupil or student, in euros; measures resources allocated per learner.
8.1K EUR
2022
Source: Eurostat· 2025
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Health

Italy — Health expenditure

Current health spending as % of GDP; measures resources devoted to the healthcare system.
8.4 % GDP
2024
Source: OECD· 2025
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Health

Italy — Health spending per capita

Current health spending per capita, in US dollars. Measures what a country devotes on average per person to the healthcare system.
3.4K USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health★ Primary KPI

Italy — Life expectancy

Average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current mortality conditions.
84.1 years
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Health

Italy — Healthy life expectancy

Years of life expected without major disability; measures quality, not just length, of life.
69.1 years
2023
Source: Eurostat· 2025
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Health

Italy — Infant mortality

Deaths of children before age 1 per 1,000 live births; a key indicator of a country's health.
2.3 per 1,000
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Italy — Physician density

Number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants; a low level signals medical deserts.
4.19 per 1,000
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Italy — Vaccination coverage

Share of the population properly vaccinated; a high rate protects the community.
94 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Italy — Preventable mortality

Deaths that could have been avoided through prevention or care, per 100,000; lower is better.
93 per 100k
2022
Source: OECD
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Health

Italy — Hospital beds

Number of hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants; measures hospital capacity.
3.06 per 1,000
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Security & crime★ Primary KPI

Italy — Homicide Rate

Homicides per 100,000 inhabitants; the most reliable violence indicator as it is best recorded.
0.57 per 100k
2023
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Security & crime

Italy — Theft

Recorded thefts with and without violence, per 100,000 inhabitants.
11.43 per 100k
2023
Source: CEPREMAP· 2026
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Housing★ Primary KPI

Italy — Property price index

House price index (Notaires-INSEE); tracks property prices, base 100 at a reference year.
73.03 index
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· 2025
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Housing

Italy — Housing cost burden

Share of income households spend on housing (rent or loan plus costs); above 40% is considered overburden.
13.6 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Housing

Italy — Home ownership rate

Share of households owning their home; a marker of wealth and residential stability.
75.9 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Housing

Italy — Overcrowding

Share of overcrowded dwellings (too many people per room); an indicator of inadequate housing.
23.9 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Housing

Italy — Household credit

Outstanding credit to households as % of GDP. Measures structural household leverage.
36.1 % GDP
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
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Transport & mobility★ Primary KPI

Italy — Road Mortality

Number of people killed on the roads; the main road-safety indicator.
5.3
2019
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Institutional trust

Italy — Leader approval

Giorgia Meloni · Présidente du Conseil· in office since October 2022

42 %
Trust· Ipsos / Pagnoncelli (Corriere della Sera)· 2026-05
Source: Ipsos / Pagnoncelli (Corriere della Sera)· 2026-05
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Institutional trust★ Primary KPI

Italy — Trust in national government

Share of the population reporting trust in the national government.
35.9 %
2023
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Italy — Trust in parliament

Share of the population reporting trust in parliament.
30.9 %
2023
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Italy — Trust in the justice system

Share of the population reporting trust in the justice system.
42.5 %
2023
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Italy — Trust in local government

Share of the population reporting trust in local government.
41.2 %
2023
Source: OECD
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

Italy — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
18.9 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Median living standard

Income level splitting the population in two halves, in euros per year; the middle income, less skewed than the average.
20.6K EUR
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
32.2 index
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Poverty intensity

Gap between poor people's income and the poverty line; measures the depth, not the number, of poverty.
26 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Material deprivation

Share of people lacking essential goods or services (heating, meals, emergencies); concrete poverty, beyond income alone.
8.5 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Child poverty

Share of children below the poverty line; a closely watched indicator as it drives lasting inequality.
23.2 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Gender income gap

Average income gap between women and men, in %; measures gender economic inequality.
2.2 %
2023
Source: Eurostat· 2025
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
4.4
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
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