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Countries/France

Economy & public finances

France · 47 indicators

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Economy & public finances

France — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
-0.1%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026
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Economy & public finances

France — Government borrowing rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Yield at which the market lends to the State, by borrowing horizon: government bonds from 1 to 10 years, depending on the official series available for each country (daily quotes or monthly averages), with the euro-area overnight rate (€STR, ECB) as a reference. The lower it is, the cheaper the debt is to finance.· France — TEC (constant-maturity rate, Banque de France): yield of a theoretical OAT of exactly 1, 5 or 10 years, interpolated daily between the two government bonds closest to that maturity. It is what new State borrowing at that horizon costs at the day's conditions.· 1 day: €STR, the rate at which euro-area banks borrow unsecured overnight (ECB). Not a State borrowing rate, but the benchmark for very short rates.· 1 week, 1 month, 3 and 6 months: not shown. The State issues nothing shorter than four weeks, and no official, up-to-date daily series of BTF (Treasury bill) yields is available as open data: the Banque de France one (3 months) stops in July 2024.· Weekly, monthly, annual: average of the period's daily quotes; the running period is dashed and is never the value shown.· 1 day : BCE — EST.B.EU000A2X2A25.WT (since Oct 1, 2019)· 1 year : Banque de France — FM.D.FR.EUR.FR2.BB.FRMOYTEC1.HSTA (since Nov 3, 2004)· 5 years : Banque de France — FM.D.FR.EUR.FR2.BB.FRMOYTEC5.HSTA (since Nov 3, 2004)· 10 years : Banque de France — FM.D.FR.EUR.FR2.BB.FRMOYTEC10.HSTA (since Nov 3, 2004)
4.75%
Horizon
Nov 5, 2026
Frequency
Source: BCE · Banque de France· Data Nov 5, 2026Source type : Official
Secondary market, daily quotes
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Economy & public finances

France — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
3,211USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Public Debt / GDP

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
119% GDP
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-5.1% GDP
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 07/2026
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Economy & public finances

France — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
57.2% GDP
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — State budget by mission

Breakdown of the French State general budget by ministerial mission (latest finance law, payment credits). Different concept from « general government spending » (COFOG / Eurostat) which includes social security and local authorities — this is the central State alone (~€594bn in 2026 vs ~€1500bn for general government). Reading keys for the more opaque missions: • Refunds & tax credits (€146bn): technical line — VAT refunds, R&D tax credit (CIR), other tax credits flowing back to taxpayers. Not actual policy spending. State's « real » mission spending ≈ €448bn. • Financial commitments (€60bn): essentially debt servicing (interest payments). • Solidarity (€31bn): RSA, prime d'activité, AAH disability allowance. • Territorial cohesion (€23bn): housing aid (APL) + urban policy. • Police & gendarmerie (€26bn): national police + gendarmerie + civil security. • School education (€90bn): primary + secondary; higher education sits in « Research & higher education ».
593Mds €
State general budget — 2026 (payment credits)
  • Refunds & tax credits (technical line)
    145.6 Mds €
  • School education
    89.6 Mds €
  • Defense
    66.5 Mds €
Source: Loi de finances pour 2026 (LFI 2026) · LOI n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026· Data 2026
 
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Economy & public finances

France — Public budget by function

% of total public expenditure

  • Social protection
    41.5%
  • Health
    15.6%
  • General services
    10.8%
  • Economic affairs
    9.9%
  • Education
    8.9%
Source: Eurostat · COFOG· Data 2024
 
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Economy & public finances

France — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
42.6KEUR
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Hourly labour cost

Average compensation of employees per hour worked — the level used in EU cost-competitiveness comparisons.
39.4EUR/hour
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
99.77index
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Consumer confidence

Monthly consumer confidence indicator — standard sentiment headline, pairs with the existing business climate.
-16.29balance
2025
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
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Economy & public finances

France — Industrial confidence

Monthly industrial confidence indicator (SA) — sentiment in the producing sector.
-9.38balance
2025
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
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Economy & public finances

France — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
45.2% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Direct taxes — % GDP

Direct taxes (income, wealth, D5) as % of GDP — political-economy headline within total levies.
12.5% GDP
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Indirect taxes — % GDP

Indirect taxes on products & production (D2) as % of GDP — VAT + excise headline.
15.5% GDP
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Industrial production

Index of the volume produced by industry (factories, energy); tracks industrial activity month by month, base 100 at a reference year.
52.43index
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
0.2% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Economy & public finances

France — Business climate

Index summarising business managers' sentiment; above 100 conditions are seen as favourable, below as unfavourable.
97.2index
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Real GDP per capita

Chain-linked-volume GDP per capita (base 2020) — the real-terms version of GDP per head.
38,110EUR/capita
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Real disposable income per capita

Quarterly real gross disposable income of households per capita (index 2010=100).
111index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Household saving rate

Gross saving rate of households — share of disposable income not consumed.
17.9%
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — R&D intensity

Total R&D expenditure as % of GDP — knowledge-economy headline; 3% Lisbon reference target.
2.2% GDP
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Social contributions — % GDP

Social contributions (D61) as % of GDP — third pillar of France's high fiscal pressure.
16.5% GDP
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — 10-year sovereign bond yield

Monthly average yield on the 10-year EMU convergence benchmark bond — sovereign borrowing-cost barometer.
3.37%/yr
2025
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
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Economy & public finances

France — Business birth rate

Employment-weighted enterprise birth rate (NACE B-S excl. holding cos) — entrepreneurship dynamic.
0.7%
2023
Source: BIS· Data 2023
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
282,830M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Social protection

Pensions, unemployment, family, sickness, social exclusion benefits (share of total public expenditure — typically the largest line item).
41.5%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Health

Public hospitals, outpatient care, pharmaceuticals, public health (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from total health expenditure % GDP which includes private spending).
15.6%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Education

Primary, secondary, tertiary education, research and training (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from education spending % GDP).
8.9%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — General services

Operating costs of government bodies, legislative organs, external aid, and public debt servicing (share of total public expenditure).
10.8%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Defense

Military and civil defense expenditure (share of total public expenditure, Eurostat COFOG source — distinct concept from SIPRI % GDP).
3.2%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Public order & safety

Police, courts, prisons, and fire services (share of total public expenditure).
3.1%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Economic affairs

Sectoral subsidies, transport, energy, communications, economic R&D (share of total public expenditure).
9.9%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Environmental protection

Waste management, water, biodiversity, pollution control (share of total public expenditure).
1.8%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Housing & community amenities

Social housing, urban planning, water supply, street lighting (share of total public expenditure).
2.5%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Recreation, culture & religion

Sport, culture, public media, support for religion (share of total public expenditure).
2.6%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Old age & survivors

Social protection expenditure for old age and survivors (pensions, reversionary pensions) as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework, distinct from COFOG.
14.6%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Sickness, disability & occupational risks

Social protection expenditure for sickness, disability and occupational accidents/diseases as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
10.2%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Family & maternity

Social protection expenditure for family and maternity benefits as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
2.2%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Employment & unemployment

Social protection expenditure for employment: unemployment benefits and professional reinsertion as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
1.8%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Poverty & social exclusion

Social protection expenditure for poverty prevention and social exclusion as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
0.8%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Housing benefits

Social protection expenditure for housing benefits as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
0.7%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

France — Social protection by risk

  • Old age & survivors
    14.6%
  • Sickness, disability & occupational risks
    10.2%
  • Family & maternity
    2.2%
  • Employment & unemployment
    1.8%
  • Poverty & social exclusion
    0.8%
  • Housing benefits
    0.7%
Source: DREES — Social protection accounts· Data 2022 · Total: 30.3% of GDP
 
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Economy & public finances

France — Pension spending (old age and survivors), constant euros

Social benefits of the old-age and survivors risk (retirement and survivor pensions, minimum old-age income…), all schemes, France, in billions of constant euros of the latest published year (deflated by the Insee consumer price index). Source: DREES, social protection accounts. Same scope as the « Old age and survivors » card in % of GDP.· Amounts published by DREES in current euros, converted to constant euros of the latest published year with the Insee consumer price index (all households, France): the line shows the change net of inflation. Scope: social benefits of the risk, all schemes; see the % of GDP card for the weight in the economy.· Licence : Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0 (French open licence) — DREES, Insee
427Mds EUR
2024
Source: DREES· Data 2024Source type : Official
Constant euros (Insee CPI)
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Economy & public finances

France — Health spending (social protection), constant euros

Social benefits of the health risk (sickness, disability, work accidents and occupational diseases), France, in billions of constant euros of the latest published year (deflated by the Insee consumer price index). Source: DREES, social protection accounts. Same scope as the « Health » card in % of GDP; not the current health expenditure of the health accounts.· Amounts published by DREES in current euros, converted to constant euros of the latest published year with the Insee consumer price index (all households, France): the line shows the change net of inflation. Scope: social benefits of the risk, all schemes; see the % of GDP card for the weight in the economy.· Licence : Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0 (French open licence) — DREES, Insee
339Mds EUR
2024
Source: DREES· Data 2024Source type : Official
Constant euros (Insee CPI)
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Economy & public finances

France — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
3.6TEUR
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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