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Japan

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Economy & public finances

Synthesis notes

Labour market

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Purchasing power & prices

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Education & training

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Health

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Security & crime

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Housing

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Immigration & integration

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Environment, energy & climate

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Transport & mobility

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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

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Defense

Synthesis notes

Institutional trust

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Economy & public finances★ Primary KPI

Japan — GDP Growth

Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.1 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Japan — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
4,995 USD bn
2030
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Japan — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
231.7 % PIB
2030
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Japan — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-5.3 % PIB
2030
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Japan — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
20.9 % PIB
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Japan — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards, in dollars.
32.5K USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Japan — Gross fixed capital formation

Investment in durable assets — machinery, buildings, housing — by firms, households and government; shown as an index.
26.08 index
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Economy & public finances

Japan — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
3 % PIB
2030
Source: IMF· 2025
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Economy & public finances

Japan — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
1,304,437 M USD
2025
Source: IMF· 2025
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Labour market★ Primary KPI

Japan — Unemployment Rate

Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
2.5 %
2025
Source: OECD· 2026
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Labour market

Japan — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
4.5 %
2025
Source: ILO· 2023
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Labour market

Japan — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
61.9 %
2025
Source: ILO· 2023
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Labour market

Japan — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
63.3 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Labour market

Japan — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
36.7 hours/week
2024
Source: ILO· 2023
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Labour market

Japan — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
63.8 %
2025
Source: ILO· 2023
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Purchasing power & prices★ Primary KPI

Japan — Inflation (CPI)

Average annual rise in consumer prices (CPI); 2% is the common target, above it purchasing power erodes.
-0 %
2020
Source: OECD· 2026
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Education & training★ Primary KPI

Japan — Education expenditure

Total spending on education as % of GDP; measures the national effort for schools and universities.
3.3 % PIB
2021
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training★ Primary KPI

Japan — Education Spending

Public spending on education
3.3 % GDP
2021
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Japan — Student/Teacher Ratio

Primary school student–teacher ratio
15.66 ratio
2017
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Japan — Tertiary Attainment

Share of 25-34 year-olds with a tertiary degree; measures the qualification level of the young generation.
25.5 %
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Japan — PISA scores

Average pupil score on the international PISA tests (reading, maths, science); allows education systems to be compared.
527 score
2018
Source: World Bank· 2024
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Education & training

Japan — Student-teacher ratio

Average number of pupils per teacher; a lower ratio means better supervision.
15.66 ratio
2017
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Education & training

Japan — Tertiary enrolment

Number of students enrolled in higher education; tracks the expansion of universities.
64.49 count
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health★ Primary KPI

Japan — Life expectancy

Average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current mortality conditions.
84.04 years
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Japan — Infant mortality

Deaths of children before age 1 per 1,000 live births; a key indicator of a country's health.
1.8 per 1000
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Japan — Health expenditure

Current health spending as % of GDP; measures resources devoted to the healthcare system.
10.6 % PIB
2024
Source: OECD· 2025
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Health

Japan — Health spending per capita

Current health spending per capita, in US dollars. Measures what a country devotes on average per person to the healthcare system.
3.6K USD
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Japan — Physician density

Number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants; a low level signals medical deserts.
2.65 per 1000
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Japan — Vaccination coverage

Share of the population properly vaccinated; a high rate protects the community.
99 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Health

Japan — Preventable mortality

Deaths that could have been avoided through prevention or care, per 100,000; lower is better.
86 per 100k
2021
Source: OECD
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Health

Japan — Hospital beds

Number of hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants; measures hospital capacity.
12.59 per 1000
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Security & crime★ Primary KPI

Japan — Homicide Rate

Homicides per 100,000 inhabitants; the most reliable violence indicator as it is best recorded.
0.23 per 100k
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Housing★ Primary KPI

Japan — Property price index

House price index (Notaires-INSEE); tracks property prices, base 100 at a reference year.
121 index
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
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Housing

Japan — Household credit

Outstanding credit to households as % of GDP. Measures structural household leverage.
65.1 % GDP
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
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Immigration & integration

Japan — Net migration

Difference between people entering and leaving the territory; positive means more arrivals than departures.
153.4K count
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate★ Primary KPI

Japan — GHG emissions

Total greenhouse-gas emissions, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; cutting it is the climate goal.
1,063 MtCO2e
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Japan — Renewable energy share

Share of renewables in energy consumption; the higher, the more decarbonised the mix.
8.8 %
2021
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Japan — Air quality (PM2.5)

Average concentration of fine PM2.5 particles in the air; above WHO thresholds, health is at risk.
12.84 µg/m3
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Environment, energy & climate

Japan — Forest cover

Share of land covered by forest; a carbon sink and a biodiversity marker.
68.4 %
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Transport & mobility★ Primary KPI

Japan — Road Mortality

Number of people killed on the roads; the main road-safety indicator.
3.6 count
2019
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Japan — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
32.3 index
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Japan — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
7.8 count
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
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Defense★ Primary KPI

Japan — Defense spending

Military spending as % of GDP; measures the national defense effort.
1.4 % GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Japan — Military spending (USD)

Military spending in current USD; enables volume comparison.
55.3B USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Japan — Active military personnel

Number of active-duty military personnel; reflects the size of the armed forces.
261K count
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Japan — Military personnel (% labour force)

Share of military personnel in the labour force.
0.4 %
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Japan — Arms exports

Value of arms transfers exported; indicates weight in the global defense industry.
21M USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Japan — Arms imports

Value of arms transfers imported; indicates dependence on external suppliers.
977M USD
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Japan — Defense spending — % of government expenditure

Military expenditure as a share of total general government expenditure.
3.3 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Defense

Japan — Defense spending — local currency (EUR)

Military expenditure in current local currency units (EUR) — domestic-budget view.
8.4T EUR
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
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Institutional trust

Japan — Leader approval

Takaichi Sanae · Première ministre· in office since October 2025

53 %
Cabinet approval· Green Ship (52,5%) / Jiji· 2026-06

Cross-country comparison is imperfect. Methods differ by country (job approval, trust rating, favourability, fiducia, cabinet approval). Values are not strictly equivalent.Première femme Première ministre du Japon, en fonction depuis oct. 2025. Démarrage très haut (60-70%), érosion progressive.

Source: Green Ship (52,5%) / Jiji· 2026-06
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Institutional trust★ Primary KPI

Japan — Trust in national government

Share of the population reporting trust in the national government.
24 %
2021
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Japan — Trust in parliament

Share of the population reporting trust in parliament.
19.3 %
2021
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Japan — Trust in the justice system

Share of the population reporting trust in the justice system.
48.3 %
2021
Source: OECD
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Institutional trust

Japan — Trust in local government

Share of the population reporting trust in local government.
38.2 %
2021
Source: OECD
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