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European Union

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Primary KPIs

Fresh data

NewOct 31, 2026

Economy & public finances

European Union — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
16TEUR
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Updated on Nov 5, 2026

Purchasing power & prices

European Union — Inflation (CPI)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average annual rise in consumer prices (CPI); 2% is the common target, above it purchasing power erodes.
3.3%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026
ExploreSource

Updated on Nov 5, 2026

Purchasing power & prices

European Union — HICP (harmonised)

EU-harmonised consumer price index; allows inflation to be compared across EU countries.
3.3%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026
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NewNov 6, 2026

Labour market

European Union — Change in employment (persons in employment)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in the number of persons in employment (employees and self-employed) from the previous period — month, or quarter depending on the country —, seasonally adjusted; positive means employment is growing, negative that it is shrinking. Headline figure of the national statistical office (employment accounts or labour force survey depending on the country); the latest periods are revised in later releases.· Quarterly, employment in the EU (domestic concept)· Each country’s own headline (employment accounts or labour force survey): levels and revisions are not strictly comparable across countries
225.8K​
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat — National accounts employment (namq_10_pe)· Data Q2 2026Source type : Official
Persons in employment, change over the period, SA · Quarterly, employment in the EU (domestic concept) · Upd. 11/2026
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NewNov 1, 2026

Pensions

European Union — Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Pension expenditure as % of GDP, Eurostat definition (ESSPROS): old-age, anticipated and partial old-age, survivors', disability and early-retirement pensions; public and private social-protection schemes. Comparable across European countries; a different scope from the COR's (French mandatory schemes).· Public and private spending, Eurostat definition· Not comparable with the COR projections for France (mandatory French schemes only, a different scope)
12.6% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat — ESSPROS (spr_exp_pens)· Data 2024Source type : Official
Old age, survivors, disability, early retirement · Public and private spending, Eurostat definition · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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NewNov 1, 2026

Pensions

European Union — Relative median income of people aged 65+

Median equivalised disposable income of people aged 65+ divided by that of people under 65 (1 = parity). EU-SILC survey (Eurostat), survey year; incomes refer to the previous year.· Survey year: incomes of the previous year· Median income ratio — not the COR’s mean standard of living of retirees
0.91ratio
2025
Source: Eurostat — EU-SILC (ilc_pnp2)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Median income 65+ / under 65 (1 = parity) · Survey year: incomes of the previous year · Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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NewNov 5, 2026

Pensions

European Union — Employment rate, ages 60-64

Share of people aged 60-64 in work (Labour Force Survey, Eurostat, annual average). It is the age group directly affected by a later retirement age.· Breaks in series flagged by Eurostat (2021: new LFS regulation)
55%
2025
Source: Eurostat — LFS (lfsa_ergan)· Data 2025Source type : Official
People aged 60-64 in work, % of the age group · Breaks in series flagged by Eurostat (2021: new LFS regulation) · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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NewNov 5, 2026

Demography

European Union — Population by age band

Population by age band (0-19, 20-59, 60-74, 75 and over). France: Insee, population of Metropolitan France on 1 January, since 1946. Other countries and the European Union: OECD historical population data (annual estimates), since 1950 at the earliest.· Annual population estimates compiled by the OECD (historical population data, both sexes). The four bands are sums of the OECD five-year age groups (0-19 = 0-4 to 15-19; 75 and over = 75-79, 80-84 and 85 and over). Same bands as the France card, but France uses Insee estimates on 1 January: levels are not strictly comparable from one country to another. When the OECD series changes basis (one band moving by more than 15 % in a year, e.g. a new census), the card starts on the new basis.· Licence : OECD terms and conditions — source: OECD, Historical population data
75 and over60-74 years20-59 years0-19 years
Source: OECD· Data 2025Source type : Official
OECD, annual population
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NewNov 5, 2026

Demography

European Union — Population by age band (share)

Population by age band (0-19, 20-59, 60-74, 75 and over). France: Insee, population of Metropolitan France on 1 January, since 1946. Other countries and the European Union: OECD historical population data (annual estimates), since 1950 at the earliest.· Annual population estimates compiled by the OECD (historical population data, both sexes). The four bands are sums of the OECD five-year age groups (0-19 = 0-4 to 15-19; 75 and over = 75-79, 80-84 and 85 and over). Same bands as the France card, but France uses Insee estimates on 1 January: levels are not strictly comparable from one country to another. When the OECD series changes basis (one band moving by more than 15 % in a year, e.g. a new census), the card starts on the new basis.· Licence : OECD terms and conditions — source: OECD, Historical population data
75 and over60-74 years20-59 years0-19 years
Source: OECD· Data 2025Source type : Official
OECD, annual population
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Reforms under way — All reforms

European Union·Artificial intelligence

EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024) and its 2026 « Digital Omnibus » amendment

Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, in force since 1 August 2024, regulates AI according to risk: eight practices banned since 2 February 2025, rules for general-purpose AI models since 2 August 2025, obligations for high-risk systems, transparency duties, fines of up to €35m or 7% of worldwide turnover. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (« Digital Omnibus on AI »), in force since 27 July 2026, postponed the high-risk obligations to 2 December 2027 and 2 August 2028 and added a ban on « nudification » apps and AI-generated child sexual abuse material from 2 December 2026.

In forceApplies from 2 August 2026, including the transparency duties of Article 50 and the Commission’s fines on general-purpose AI model providers; the high-risk requirements follow the dates set in 2026 (December 2027 / August 2028).
Updated: November 5, 2026
European Union·Economy & public finances

EU economic governance reform of 2024: the new fiscal rules

Three acts of 29 April 2024, in force since 30 April 2024, rewrote the Stability and Growth Pact. Each Member State now commits to a four- or five-year medium-term fiscal-structural plan built around a single indicator, net expenditure, whose path is set by the Council. The 3% of GDP deficit and 60% debt reference values stay; adjustment can be spread over up to seven years in exchange for reforms and investment, and every Member State must have an independent fiscal institution.

In forceBoth regulations apply directly from 30 April 2024; Member States had until 31 December 2025 to transpose the directive.
Updated: November 5, 2026
European Union·Immigration & integration

EU Pact on Migration and Asylum (2024)

Ten EU acts adopted on 14 May 2024 and applied since 12 June 2026 overhaul asylum and migration rules: mandatory screening of irregular arrivals at the external borders (up to seven days), a common asylum procedure with a mandatory border procedure (up to 12 weeks), a reformed Eurodac database, new rules on which Member State is responsible for an application and a permanent solidarity mechanism. The first Annual Solidarity Pool, for 2026, sets 21,000 relocations and €420 million of financial contributions as reference numbers.

In forceApplicable after the two-year transition; Eurodac biometric data on beneficiaries of temporary protection only from 12 June 2029.
Updated: November 5, 2026

Economy & public finances — see every Economy & public finances indicator on one page

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Purchasing power & prices — see every Purchasing power & prices indicator on one page

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Labour market — see every Labour market indicator on one page

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Health — see every Health indicator on one page

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Security & crime — see every Security & crime indicator on one page

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Immigration & integration — see every Immigration & integration indicator on one page

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Housing — see every Housing indicator on one page

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Pensions — see every Pensions indicator on one page

Education & training — see every Education & training indicator on one page

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Environment, energy & climate — see every Environment, energy & climate indicator on one page

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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality — see every Social cohesion, poverty & inequality indicator on one page

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Transport & mobility — see every Transport & mobility indicator on one page

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Defense — see every Defense indicator on one page

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Institutional trust — see every Institutional trust indicator on one page

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Artificial intelligence — see every Artificial intelligence indicator on one page

Demography — see every Demography indicator on one page

Economy & public finances

European Union — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.5%
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025· EU27
Upd. 06/2026
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Purchasing power & prices

European Union — Inflation (CPI)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average annual rise in consumer prices (CPI); 2% is the common target, above it purchasing power erodes.
3.3%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026
ExploreSource
Labour market

European Union — Change in employment (persons in employment)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in the number of persons in employment (employees and self-employed) from the previous period — month, or quarter depending on the country —, seasonally adjusted; positive means employment is growing, negative that it is shrinking. Headline figure of the national statistical office (employment accounts or labour force survey depending on the country); the latest periods are revised in later releases.· Quarterly, employment in the EU (domestic concept)· Each country’s own headline (employment accounts or labour force survey): levels and revisions are not strictly comparable across countries
225.8K​
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat — National accounts employment (namq_10_pe)· Data Q2 2026Source type : Official
Persons in employment, change over the period, SA · Quarterly, employment in the EU (domestic concept) · Upd. 11/2026
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Health

European Union — Life expectancy

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current mortality conditions.
81.7years
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Security & crime

European Union — Homicides

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Homicides per 100,000 inhabitants; the most reliable violence indicator as it is best recorded.
1per 100k
2015
Source: World Bank· Data 2015· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Immigration & integration

European Union — Residence permits issued

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Number of first residence permits issued, by reason (work, study, asylum, family).
3.5M​
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Housing

European Union — Property price index

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.House price index (Notaires-INSEE); tracks property prices, base 100 at a reference year.
107index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024· Euro area
Upd. 06/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Pensions

European Union — Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Pension expenditure as % of GDP, Eurostat definition (ESSPROS): old-age, anticipated and partial old-age, survivors', disability and early-retirement pensions; public and private social-protection schemes. Comparable across European countries; a different scope from the COR's (French mandatory schemes).· Public and private spending, Eurostat definition· Not comparable with the COR projections for France (mandatory French schemes only, a different scope)
12.6% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat — ESSPROS (spr_exp_pens)· Data 2024Source type : Official
Old age, survivors, disability, early retirement · Public and private spending, Eurostat definition · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

European Union — GHG emissions

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Total greenhouse-gas emissions, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; cutting it is the climate goal.
3,165MtCO2e
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Poverty rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
16.2%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Transport & mobility

European Union — Road mortality

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Number of people killed on the roads; the main road-safety indicator.
5.57​
2019
Source: World Bank· Data 2019· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 04/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

European Union — Defense spending

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Military spending as % of GDP; measures the national defense effort.
1.8% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Institutional trust

European Union — Leader approval

Ursula von der Leyen · Présidente de la Commission européenne

Not applicable

Pas de cote d'un dirigeant unique à l'échelle UE. Pour l'entité UE, utiliser 'confiance dans l'UE' (Eurobaromètre).

 
 
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Artificial intelligence

European Union — Enterprises using AI (10+ employees)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of enterprises with 10 or more persons employed using at least one AI technology (text analysis, speech recognition, text or speech generation, image recognition, machine learning, workflow automation, autonomous movement). Scope: all activities except agriculture, mining and the financial sector. Annual ICT usage survey: Eurostat for EU countries, OECD for other G20 countries. Not comparable with the US Census BTOS (all business sizes, two-week window).· Not comparable with the US Census BTOS survey (all business sizes, two-week window)
20%
2025
Source: Eurostat — ICT usage in enterprises (isoc_eb_ai)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Enterprises with 10+ employees · Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Labour market

European Union — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
6%
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025· EU27
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.5%
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025· EU27
Upd. 06/2026
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-3.1% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
16TEUR
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Economy & public finances

European Union — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
19,501USD bn
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
39.9KEUR
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Consumer confidence

Monthly consumer confidence indicator — standard sentiment headline, pairs with the existing business climate.
-12.88balance
2025
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Real disposable income per capita

Quarterly real gross disposable income of households per capita (index 2010=100).
115index
2024
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
49.2% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
40.3% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Household saving rate

Gross saving rate of households — share of disposable income not consumed.
14.5%
2024
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Real GDP per capita

Chain-linked-volume GDP per capita (base 2020) — the real-terms version of GDP per head.
33,650EUR/capita
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
105index
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — R&D intensity

Total R&D expenditure as % of GDP — knowledge-economy headline; 3% Lisbon reference target.
2.2% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Hourly labour cost

Average compensation of employees per hour worked — the level used in EU cost-competitiveness comparisons.
29.6EUR/hour
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Industrial confidence

Monthly industrial confidence indicator (SA) — sentiment in the producing sector.
-10.17balance
2025
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Direct taxes — % GDP

Direct taxes (income, wealth, D5) as % of GDP — political-economy headline within total levies.
13.3% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Indirect taxes — % GDP

Indirect taxes on products & production (D2) as % of GDP — VAT + excise headline.
12.8% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — NFC profit share

Gross profit share of non-financial corporations (B2G_B3G / B1G) — wage/profit split debate centre.
40.1%
2024
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — NFC investment rate

Gross investment rate of non-financial corporations (P51G / B1G) — supply-side health check.
22.1%
2024
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — Social contributions — % GDP

Social contributions (D61) as % of GDP — third pillar of France's high fiscal pressure.
14% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Economy & public finances

European Union — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
1,448,052M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024· Euro area
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Purchasing power & prices

European Union — Inflation (CPI)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average annual rise in consumer prices (CPI); 2% is the common target, above it purchasing power erodes.
3.3%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026
ExploreSource
Purchasing power & prices

European Union — Household purchasing power

Change in households' purchasing power per consumption unit; what income can actually buy once prices are factored in.
2.1%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026
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Purchasing power & prices

European Union — HICP (harmonised)

EU-harmonised consumer price index; allows inflation to be compared across EU countries.
3.3%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026
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Purchasing power & prices

European Union — Household savings rate

Share of disposable income households save rather than spend, in %; reflects caution and confidence.
14.5%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024· EU27
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Labour market

European Union — Change in employment (persons in employment)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in the number of persons in employment (employees and self-employed) from the previous period — month, or quarter depending on the country —, seasonally adjusted; positive means employment is growing, negative that it is shrinking. Headline figure of the national statistical office (employment accounts or labour force survey depending on the country); the latest periods are revised in later releases.· Quarterly, employment in the EU (domestic concept)· Each country’s own headline (employment accounts or labour force survey): levels and revisions are not strictly comparable across countries
225.8K​
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat — National accounts employment (namq_10_pe)· Data Q2 2026Source type : Official
Persons in employment, change over the period, SA · Quarterly, employment in the EU (domestic concept) · Upd. 11/2026
ExploreSource
Labour market

European Union — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
6%
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025· EU27
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Labour market

European Union — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
16.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Labour market

European Union — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
54.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Labour market

European Union — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
57.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Labour market

European Union — Job vacancies / tightness

Index of unfilled jobs and recruitment tightness; a high level signals hiring difficulties.
2.4index
2024
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024· EU27
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Health

European Union — Life expectancy

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current mortality conditions.
81.7years
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

European Union — Infant mortality

Deaths of children before age 1 per 1,000 live births; a key indicator of a country's health.
3.2per 1,000
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

European Union — Physician density

Number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants; a low level signals medical deserts.
4.15per 1,000
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026
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Health

European Union — Health expenditure

Current health spending as % of GDP; measures resources devoted to the healthcare system.
10.5% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

European Union — Healthy life expectancy

Years of life expected without major disability; measures quality, not just length, of life.
63.1years
2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 07/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

European Union — Vaccination coverage

Share of the population properly vaccinated; a high rate protects the community.
92.5%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

European Union — Health spending per capita

Current health spending per capita, in US dollars. Measures what a country devotes on average per person to the healthcare system.
5KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Health

European Union — Hospital beds

Number of hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants; measures hospital capacity.
5.14per 1,000
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Security & crime

European Union — Homicides

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Homicides per 100,000 inhabitants; the most reliable violence indicator as it is best recorded.
1per 100k
2015
Source: World Bank· Data 2015· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Immigration & integration

European Union — Residence permits issued

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Number of first residence permits issued, by reason (work, study, asylum, family).
3.5M​
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Immigration & integration

European Union — Asylum applications

Number of asylum applications filed, and the share granted protection.
913.2K​
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Immigration & integration

European Union — Removals / OQTF

Number of removal orders carried out; measures enforcement of removal policy.
112K​
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024· EU27
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Immigration & integration

European Union — Net migration

Difference between people entering and leaving the territory; positive means more arrivals than departures.
194.6K​
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026
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Immigration & integration

European Union — Naturalisations

Number of people who acquired the country's nationality during the year.
1.1M​
2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 07/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Immigration & integration

European Union — Immigrant employment rate

Employment rate of the immigrant population; compared with the average, it gauges economic integration.
68.5%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Immigration & integration

European Union — Family reunification

Number of admissions under family reunification.
950.1K​
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Housing

European Union — Property price index

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.House price index (Notaires-INSEE); tracks property prices, base 100 at a reference year.
107index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024· Euro area
Upd. 06/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Housing

European Union — Housing cost burden

Share of income households spend on housing (rent or loan plus costs); above 40% is considered overburden.
19.2%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Housing

European Union — Home ownership rate

Share of households owning their home; a marker of wealth and residential stability.
68.4%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Housing

European Union — Overcrowding

Share of overcrowded dwellings (too many people per room); an indicator of inadequate housing.
16.9%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Housing

European Union — Household credit

Outstanding credit to households as % of GDP. Measures structural household leverage.
51.5% GDP
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024· Euro area
Upd. 06/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Pensions

European Union — Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Pension expenditure as % of GDP, Eurostat definition (ESSPROS): old-age, anticipated and partial old-age, survivors', disability and early-retirement pensions; public and private social-protection schemes. Comparable across European countries; a different scope from the COR's (French mandatory schemes).· Public and private spending, Eurostat definition· Not comparable with the COR projections for France (mandatory French schemes only, a different scope)
12.6% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat — ESSPROS (spr_exp_pens)· Data 2024Source type : Official
Old age, survivors, disability, early retirement · Public and private spending, Eurostat definition · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Pensions

European Union — Relative median income of people aged 65+

Median equivalised disposable income of people aged 65+ divided by that of people under 65 (1 = parity). EU-SILC survey (Eurostat), survey year; incomes refer to the previous year.· Survey year: incomes of the previous year· Median income ratio — not the COR’s mean standard of living of retirees
0.91ratio
2025
Source: Eurostat — EU-SILC (ilc_pnp2)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Median income 65+ / under 65 (1 = parity) · Survey year: incomes of the previous year · Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Pensions

European Union — Employment rate, ages 60-64

Share of people aged 60-64 in work (Labour Force Survey, Eurostat, annual average). It is the age group directly affected by a later retirement age.· Breaks in series flagged by Eurostat (2021: new LFS regulation)
55%
2025
Source: Eurostat — LFS (lfsa_ergan)· Data 2025Source type : Official
People aged 60-64 in work, % of the age group · Breaks in series flagged by Eurostat (2021: new LFS regulation) · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Early school leaving

Share of 18-24 year-olds who left school without an upper-secondary qualification; lower is better.
9.4%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Tertiary attainment (25-34)

Share of 25-34 year-olds with a tertiary degree; measures the qualification level of the young generation.
44.1%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Education expenditure

Total spending on education as % of GDP; measures the national effort for schools and universities.
4.7% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Education Spending

Public spending on education
4.7% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Student-teacher ratio

Average number of pupils per teacher; a lower ratio means better supervision.
13.3ratio
2018
Source: World Bank· Data 2018· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Student/Teacher Ratio

Primary school student–teacher ratio
13.3ratio
2018
Source: World Bank· Data 2018· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Spending per student

Average spending per pupil or student, in euros; measures resources allocated per learner.
9KEUR
2022
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2022· EU27
Upd. 07/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Graduate employment

Share of graduates employed soon after leaving education; measures entry into the job market.
83.5%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Education & training

European Union — Tertiary enrolment

Number of students enrolled in higher education; tracks the expansion of universities.
79.5​
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

European Union — GHG emissions

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Total greenhouse-gas emissions, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent; cutting it is the climate goal.
3,165MtCO2e
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

European Union — Household electricity price

Eurostat band DC (2 500–4 999 kWh/year), all taxes & levies included.
0.29EUR/kWh
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

European Union — Renewable energy share

Share of renewables in energy consumption; the higher, the more decarbonised the mix.
21.1%
2020
Source: World Bank· Data 2020· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

European Union — Air quality (PM2.5)

Average concentration of fine PM2.5 particles in the air; above WHO thresholds, health is at risk.
11.01µg/m3
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Environment, energy & climate

European Union — Forest cover

Share of land covered by forest; a carbon sink and a biodiversity marker.
40.1%
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Poverty rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
16.2%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Child poverty

Share of children below the poverty line; a closely watched indicator as it drives lasting inequality.
19.3%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Median living standard

Income level splitting the population in two halves, in euros per year; the middle income, less skewed than the average.
21.6KEUR
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
29.4index
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Gender income gap

Average income gap between women and men, in %; measures gender economic inequality.
12%
2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 07/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Material deprivation

Share of people lacking essential goods or services (heating, meals, emergencies); concrete poverty, beyond income alone.
12.1%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Poverty intensity

Gap between poor people's income and the poverty line; measures the depth, not the number, of poverty.
22.7%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Transport & mobility

European Union — Road mortality

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Number of people killed on the roads; the main road-safety indicator.
5.57​
2019
Source: World Bank· Data 2019· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 04/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

European Union — Defense spending

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Military spending as % of GDP; measures the national defense effort.
1.8% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

European Union — Military spending (USD)

Military spending in current USD; enables volume comparison.
360.2BUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

European Union — Active military personnel

Number of active-duty military personnel; reflects the size of the armed forces.
1.9M​
2020
Source: World Bank· Data 2020· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

European Union — Arms exports

Value of arms transfers exported; indicates weight in the global defense industry.
8.1BUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

European Union — Defense spending — % of government expenditure

Military expenditure as a share of total general government expenditure.
3.8%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

European Union — Arms imports

Value of arms transfers imported; indicates dependence on external suppliers.
6.3BUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026
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Defense

European Union — Military personnel (% labour force)

Share of military personnel in the labour force.
0.9%
2020
Source: World Bank· Data 2020· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Defense

European Union — Defense spending — local currency (EUR)

Military expenditure in current local currency units (EUR) — domestic-budget view.
1.1BEUR
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Institutional trust

European Union — Leader approval

Ursula von der Leyen · Présidente de la Commission européenne

Not applicable

Pas de cote d'un dirigeant unique à l'échelle UE. Pour l'entité UE, utiliser 'confiance dans l'UE' (Eurobaromètre).

 
 
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Institutional trust

European Union — Life satisfaction (0-10)

Average self-reported life satisfaction on a 0-10 scale, population 16+.
7.2score
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Institutional trust

European Union — Trust in others (0-10)

Average rating (0-10) of generalised trust in other people, population 16+.
5.8score
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Institutional trust

European Union — Formal volunteering

Share of population 16+ engaged in formal voluntary activities — civic engagement headline.
12.3%
2022
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2022
Upd. 01/2026
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Institutional trust

European Union — Life-meaning indicator

Wellbeing index combining ratings of life meaning + general experiences for 16+.
88.8score
2022
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2022
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Institutional trust

European Union — High life satisfaction share

Share of population 16+ reporting a high life-satisfaction rating (9-10).
21.8%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Institutional trust

European Union — Medium life satisfaction share

Share reporting medium life satisfaction (6-8).
62%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Institutional trust

European Union — Low life satisfaction share

Share reporting low life satisfaction (0-5) — indicator of population distress.
16.2%
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Artificial intelligence

European Union — Enterprises using AI (10+ employees)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of enterprises with 10 or more persons employed using at least one AI technology (text analysis, speech recognition, text or speech generation, image recognition, machine learning, workflow automation, autonomous movement). Scope: all activities except agriculture, mining and the financial sector. Annual ICT usage survey: Eurostat for EU countries, OECD for other G20 countries. Not comparable with the US Census BTOS (all business sizes, two-week window).· Not comparable with the US Census BTOS survey (all business sizes, two-week window)
20%
2025
Source: Eurostat — ICT usage in enterprises (isoc_eb_ai)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Enterprises with 10+ employees · Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Artificial intelligence

European Union — People using generative AI tools

Share of individuals aged 16-74 who used generative AI tools (e.g. chatbots, text, image or code generators) in the last 3 months, for any purpose. Official ICT household surveys: Eurostat for EU countries (first edition 2025), OECD for other countries.
32.7%
2025
Source: Eurostat — ICT usage in households (isoc_ai_iaiu)· Data 2025Source type : Official
People aged 16-74, last 3 months · Upd. 06/2026
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Demography

European Union — Population by age band

Population by age band (0-19, 20-59, 60-74, 75 and over). France: Insee, population of Metropolitan France on 1 January, since 1946. Other countries and the European Union: OECD historical population data (annual estimates), since 1950 at the earliest.· Annual population estimates compiled by the OECD (historical population data, both sexes). The four bands are sums of the OECD five-year age groups (0-19 = 0-4 to 15-19; 75 and over = 75-79, 80-84 and 85 and over). Same bands as the France card, but France uses Insee estimates on 1 January: levels are not strictly comparable from one country to another. When the OECD series changes basis (one band moving by more than 15 % in a year, e.g. a new census), the card starts on the new basis.· Licence : OECD terms and conditions — source: OECD, Historical population data
75 and over60-74 years20-59 years0-19 years
Source: OECD· Data 2025Source type : Official
OECD, annual population
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Demography

European Union — Population by age band (share)

Population by age band (0-19, 20-59, 60-74, 75 and over). France: Insee, population of Metropolitan France on 1 January, since 1946. Other countries and the European Union: OECD historical population data (annual estimates), since 1950 at the earliest.· Annual population estimates compiled by the OECD (historical population data, both sexes). The four bands are sums of the OECD five-year age groups (0-19 = 0-4 to 15-19; 75 and over = 75-79, 80-84 and 85 and over). Same bands as the France card, but France uses Insee estimates on 1 January: levels are not strictly comparable from one country to another. When the OECD series changes basis (one band moving by more than 15 % in a year, e.g. a new census), the card starts on the new basis.· Licence : OECD terms and conditions — source: OECD, Historical population data
75 and over60-74 years20-59 years0-19 years
Source: OECD· Data 2025Source type : Official
OECD, annual population
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