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Pensions

All indicators in this category, across the 5 countries we cover.

Compare across countries

Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Germany
Pensions

Germany — Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Pension expenditure as % of GDP, Eurostat definition (ESSPROS): old-age, anticipated and partial old-age, survivors', disability and early-retirement pensions; public and private social-protection schemes. Comparable across European countries; a different scope from the COR's (French mandatory schemes).
11.7% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat — ESSPROS (spr_exp_pens)· Data 2024Source type : Official
Old age, survivors, disability, early retirement · Public and private spending, Eurostat definition · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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France
Pensions

France — Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Pension expenditure as % of GDP, Eurostat definition (ESSPROS): old-age, anticipated and partial old-age, survivors', disability and early-retirement pensions; public and private social-protection schemes. Comparable across European countries; a different scope from the COR's (French mandatory schemes).
15% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat — ESSPROS (spr_exp_pens)· Data 2024Source type : Official
Old age, survivors, disability, early retirement · Public and private spending, Eurostat definition · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Italy
Pensions

Italy — Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Pension expenditure as % of GDP, Eurostat definition (ESSPROS): old-age, anticipated and partial old-age, survivors', disability and early-retirement pensions; public and private social-protection schemes. Comparable across European countries; a different scope from the COR's (French mandatory schemes).
15.9% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat — ESSPROS (spr_exp_pens)· Data 2024Source type : Official
Old age, survivors, disability, early retirement · Public and private spending, Eurostat definition · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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European Union
Pensions

European Union — Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Pension expenditure as % of GDP, Eurostat definition (ESSPROS): old-age, anticipated and partial old-age, survivors', disability and early-retirement pensions; public and private social-protection schemes. Comparable across European countries; a different scope from the COR's (French mandatory schemes).
12.6% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat — ESSPROS (spr_exp_pens)· Data 2024Source type : Official
Old age, survivors, disability, early retirement · Public and private spending, Eurostat definition · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Turkey
Pensions

Turkey — Pension expenditure (% of GDP)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Pension expenditure as % of GDP, Eurostat definition (ESSPROS): old-age, anticipated and partial old-age, survivors', disability and early-retirement pensions; public and private social-protection schemes. Comparable across European countries; a different scope from the COR's (French mandatory schemes).
6.1% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat — ESSPROS (spr_exp_pens)· Data 2024Source type : Official
Old age, survivors, disability, early retirement · Public and private spending, Eurostat definition · Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Pension spending, COR trajectory (% of GDP)

France
Pensions

France — Pension spending, COR trajectory (% of GDP)

13.9% GDP
2024
Source: COR· Data 2024Source type : Official
COR reference scenario (June 2026) · Mandatory French schemes, incl. FSV, excl. RAFP · 2025: estimate (dashed)
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Relative median income of people aged 65+

Germany
Pensions

Germany — Relative median income of people aged 65+

Median equivalised disposable income of people aged 65+ divided by that of people under 65 (1 = parity). EU-SILC survey (Eurostat), survey year; incomes refer to the previous year.
0.83ratio
2025
Source: Eurostat — EU-SILC (ilc_pnp2)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Median income 65+ / under 65 (1 = parity) · Survey year: incomes of the previous year · Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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France
Pensions

France — Relative median income of people aged 65+

Median equivalised disposable income of people aged 65+ divided by that of people under 65 (1 = parity). EU-SILC survey (Eurostat), survey year; incomes refer to the previous year.
0.97ratio
2025
Source: Eurostat — EU-SILC (ilc_pnp2)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Median income 65+ / under 65 (1 = parity) · Survey year: incomes of the previous year · Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Italy
Pensions

Italy — Relative median income of people aged 65+

Median equivalised disposable income of people aged 65+ divided by that of people under 65 (1 = parity). EU-SILC survey (Eurostat), survey year; incomes refer to the previous year.
1ratio
2025
Source: Eurostat — EU-SILC (ilc_pnp2)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Median income 65+ / under 65 (1 = parity) · Survey year: incomes of the previous year · Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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European Union
Pensions

European Union — Relative median income of people aged 65+

Median equivalised disposable income of people aged 65+ divided by that of people under 65 (1 = parity). EU-SILC survey (Eurostat), survey year; incomes refer to the previous year.
0.91ratio
2025
Source: Eurostat — EU-SILC (ilc_pnp2)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Median income 65+ / under 65 (1 = parity) · Survey year: incomes of the previous year · Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Turkey
Pensions

Turkey — Relative median income of people aged 65+

Median equivalised disposable income of people aged 65+ divided by that of people under 65 (1 = parity). EU-SILC survey (Eurostat), survey year; incomes refer to the previous year.
0.82ratio
2025
Source: Eurostat — EU-SILC (ilc_pnp2)· Data 2025Source type : Official
Median income 65+ / under 65 (1 = parity) · Survey year: incomes of the previous year · Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Pension system balance, COR trajectory (% of GDP)

France
Pensions

France — Pension system balance, COR trajectory (% of GDP)

-0.1% GDP
2024
Source: COR· Data 2024Source type : Official
COR reference scenario (June 2026) · Mandatory French schemes, incl. FSV, excl. RAFP · 2025: estimate (dashed)
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Average age at retirement, COR trajectory

France
Pensions

France — Average age at retirement, COR trajectory

62.95years
2024
Source: COR· Data 2024Source type : Official
Not the legal age nor the labour-market exit age · COR projection, same in every scenario · 2025: estimate (dashed)
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Retirees' standard of living relative to the whole population, COR trajectory

France
Pensions

France — Retirees' standard of living relative to the whole population, COR trajectory

100.2%
2023
Source: COR· Data 2023Source type : Official
COR reference scenario (June 2026)
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Demographic ratio 20-64 / 65+, COR trajectory

France
Pensions

France — Demographic ratio 20-64 / 65+, COR trajectory

2.62ratio
2023
Source: COR· Data 2023Source type : Official
COR reference scenario (June 2026) · 2024-2026: provisional Insee estimates (dashed)
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