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Labour market

All indicators in this category, across the 20 countries we cover.

Compare across countries

Unemployment rate (ILO)

United States
Labour market

United States — Unemployment Rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.1%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026
ExploreSource
China
Labour market

China — Unemployment Rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Labour market

Japan — Unemployment Rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
2.5%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan (MIC)· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Labour market

Germany — Unemployment Rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.2%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Deutsche Bundesbank· Data Q3 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Unemployment Rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
8.3%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 08/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Unemployment Rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.9%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Unemployment Rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
6.4%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistics Canada· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Unemployment Rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
6.2%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Labour market

European Union — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
6%
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025· EU27
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Labour market

Argentina — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
7.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Labour market

Australia — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.6%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics· Data Q3 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Labour market

Brazil — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
5.4%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística· Data Q2 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Labour market

India — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
4.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Labour market

Indonesia — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
3.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Korea
Labour market

South Korea — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
2.8%
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Mexico
Labour market

Mexico — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
2.9%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Russia
Labour market

Russia — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
2.4%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Labour market

Saudi Arabia — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
3.5%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Turkey
Labour market

Turkey — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
8.4%
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Africa
Labour market

South Africa — Unemployment rate (ILO)

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Share of the labour force without a job and seeking one, per the ILO definition; lower is better.
32.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Youth unemployment (15-24)

United States
Labour market

United States — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
13.6%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
China
Labour market

China — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
15.8%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Labour market

Japan — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
4.5%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Labour market

Germany — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
7.5%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
21.6%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 08/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
16.2%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
12.8%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistics Canada· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Youth Unemployment

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
20%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Labour market

European Union — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
16.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Labour market

Argentina — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
19.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Labour market

Australia — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
10.8%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics· Data Q3 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Labour market

Brazil — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
15.7%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Labour market

India — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
15.7%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Labour market

Indonesia — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
13.1%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Korea
Labour market

South Korea — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
6.4%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Mexico
Labour market

Mexico — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
5.8%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Russia
Labour market

Russia — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
8.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Labour market

Saudi Arabia — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
11.5%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Turkey
Labour market

Turkey — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
16.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Africa
Labour market

South Africa — Youth unemployment (15-24)

Unemployment rate for ages 15-24; usually higher than average, it reveals young people's entry difficulties.
60.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Net salaried job creation

France
Labour market

France — Net salaried job creation

Change in the number of salaried jobs over the period; positive means net job creation, negative net losses.
27K​
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Long-term unemployment

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Long-term unemployment

Share of the unemployed out of work for over a year; a high level signals entrenched unemployment.
1.1%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Long-term unemployment

Share of the unemployed out of work for over a year; a high level signals entrenched unemployment.
2.1%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 08/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Long-term unemployment

Share of the unemployed out of work for over a year; a high level signals entrenched unemployment.
25.4%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Long-term unemployment

Share of the unemployed out of work for over a year; a high level signals entrenched unemployment.
2.8%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q2 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Employment rate (15-64)

United States
Labour market

United States — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
59.1%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
China
Labour market

China — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
61.9%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Labour market

Japan — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
61.9%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Labour market

Germany — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
77.5%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
51.5%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
75.1%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
74.8%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistics Canada· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Employment Rate

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
63%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Labour market

European Union — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
54.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Labour market

Argentina — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
57.4%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Labour market

Australia — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
76.9%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics· Data Q3 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Labour market

Brazil — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
59%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Labour market

India — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
53.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Labour market

Indonesia — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
65.7%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Korea
Labour market

South Korea — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
62.7%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Mexico
Labour market

Mexico — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
60%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Russia
Labour market

Russia — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
60.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Labour market

Saudi Arabia — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
62.9%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Turkey
Labour market

Turkey — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
49.4%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Africa
Labour market

South Africa — Employment rate (15-64)

Share of people aged 15-64 who are employed; measures how well the economy puts working-age people to work.
37.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Gender pay gap

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Gender pay gap

Unadjusted gender pay gap — how much less women earn per hour vs men in NACE B-S excl. public admin.
15.6%
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Gender pay gap

Unadjusted gender pay gap — how much less women earn per hour vs men in NACE B-S excl. public admin.
12.2%
2023
Source: BIS· Data 2023
Upd. 07/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Activity rate

United States
Labour market

United States — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
61.6%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Labour market

Japan — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
63.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Labour market

Germany — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
80.8%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
75.6%
Q1 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q1 2026
Upd. 05/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
79.1%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
80%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistics Canada· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
67.3%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Labour market

European Union — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
57.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Labour market

Argentina — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
61.9%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Labour market

Australia — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
80.7%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics· Data Q3 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Labour market

Brazil — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
63.3%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Labour market

India — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
55.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Labour market

Indonesia — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
67.9%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Korea
Labour market

South Korea — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
64.5%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Mexico
Labour market

Mexico — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
61.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Russia
Labour market

Russia — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
61.8%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Labour market

Saudi Arabia — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
65.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Turkey
Labour market

Turkey — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
54.2%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Africa
Labour market

South Africa — Activity rate

Share of people aged 15-64 in the labour market (employed or seeking work); measures engagement in working life.
55.6%
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Median Wage

United States
Labour market

United States — Median Wage

Median monthly gross wage
4.2KUSD
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Labour market

Germany — Median Wage

Median monthly gross wage
4.1KEUR
2025-Q2
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)· Data 2025-Q2
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Median Wage

Median monthly gross wage
2.6KEUR
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Minimum wage as % of mean

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Minimum wage as % of mean

Statutory monthly minimum wage as a share of mean gross monthly earnings (NACE B-S).
45%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Minimum wage as % of mean

Statutory monthly minimum wage as a share of mean gross monthly earnings (NACE B-S).
48.9%
2023
Source: BIS· Data 2023
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Minimum wage as % of median

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Minimum wage as % of median

Statutory monthly minimum wage as a share of median gross monthly earnings (NACE B-S) — Kaitz ratio.
52.4%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Minimum wage as % of median

Statutory monthly minimum wage as a share of median gross monthly earnings (NACE B-S) — Kaitz ratio.
60.5%
2023
Source: BIS· Data 2023
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Average wage

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Average wage

Average gross monthly earnings of employees (local currency). Cross-country comparison requires PPP conversion.
4.8KEUR
2025-Q2
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)· Data 2025-Q2
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Hours worked

United States
Labour market

United States — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
36.44hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· Data 2024
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
China
Labour market

China — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
44.96hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· Data 2024
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Labour market

Japan — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
36.7hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· Data 2024
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Labour market

Germany — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
29.68hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· Data 2024
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
30.73hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· Data 2024
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
30.74hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· Data 2024
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
32.26hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· Data 2024
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Hours worked

Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person. Measures work intensity.
34.03hrs/week
2024
Source: ILO· Data 2024
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Senior employment rate (55-64)

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Senior employment rate (55-64)

Share of people aged 55-64 in work; measures how well older workers stay employed, a key pension-reform issue.
75.7%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Senior employment rate (55-64)

Share of people aged 55-64 in work; measures how well older workers stay employed, a key pension-reform issue.
61.7%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Senior employment rate (55-64)

Share of people aged 55-64 in work; measures how well older workers stay employed, a key pension-reform issue.
67.6%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Senior employment rate (55-64)

Share of people aged 55-64 in work; measures how well older workers stay employed, a key pension-reform issue.
64.2%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistics Canada· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Senior employment rate (55-64)

Share of people aged 55-64 in work; measures how well older workers stay employed, a key pension-reform issue.
63.7%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q2 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Labour market

Australia — Senior employment rate (55-64)

Share of people aged 55-64 in work; measures how well older workers stay employed, a key pension-reform issue.
67.6%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics· Data Q3 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Job vacancies / tightness

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Job vacancies / tightness

Index of unfilled jobs and recruitment tightness; a high level signals hiring difficulties.
3.2index
2024
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Job vacancies / tightness

Index of unfilled jobs and recruitment tightness; a high level signals hiring difficulties.
2.63index
2024
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Job vacancies / tightness

Index of unfilled jobs and recruitment tightness; a high level signals hiring difficulties.
2.63index
2019
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2019
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Job vacancies / tightness

Index of unfilled jobs and recruitment tightness; a high level signals hiring difficulties.
2.07index
2024
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Labour market

European Union — Job vacancies / tightness

Index of unfilled jobs and recruitment tightness; a high level signals hiring difficulties.
2.4index
2024
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024· EU27
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Part-time share

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Part-time share

Share of part-time jobs; useful to spot involuntary part-time work and job quality.
29.8%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Part-time share

Share of part-time jobs; useful to spot involuntary part-time work and job quality.
22.2%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 08/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Part-time share

Share of part-time jobs; useful to spot involuntary part-time work and job quality.
15.1%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q2 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

NEET rate 15-29

Germany
Labour market

Germany — NEET rate 15-29

Share of 15-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education or training.
9.5%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — NEET rate 15-29

Share of 15-29 year-olds neither in employment nor in education or training.
12%
2025
Source: Statistics Canada· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

NEET rate 18-24

Germany
Labour market

Germany — NEET rate 18-24

Share of 18-24 year-olds neither in employment nor in education or training — post-bac subset.
10.1%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — NEET rate 18-24

Share of 18-24 year-olds neither in employment nor in education or training — post-bac subset.
13%
2025
Source: Statistics Canada· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Temporary employment share

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Temporary employment share

Share of employees aged 15-64 with a temporary contract — precariousness headline.
11.1%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Temporary employment share

Share of employees aged 15-64 with a temporary contract — precariousness headline.
15.2%
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Temporary employment share

Share of employees aged 15-64 with a temporary contract — precariousness headline.
5.4%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Employment rate — tertiary education

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Employment rate — tertiary education

Employment rate of 20-64 year-olds with tertiary education (ISCED 5-8) — premium for higher education.
87.8%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Employment rate — tertiary education

Employment rate of 20-64 year-olds with tertiary education (ISCED 5-8) — premium for higher education.
85.8%
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Employment rate — low education

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Employment rate — low education

Employment rate of 20-64 year-olds with at most lower-secondary education (ISCED 0-2) — penalty for low education.
62.5%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Employment rate — low education

Employment rate of 20-64 year-olds with at most lower-secondary education (ISCED 0-2) — penalty for low education.
54.2%
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Unemployment rate — low education

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Unemployment rate — low education

Unemployment rate of 20-64 year-olds with at most lower-secondary education.
8.7%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Unemployment rate — low education

Unemployment rate of 20-64 year-olds with at most lower-secondary education.
12.4%
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Unemployment rate — tertiary education

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Unemployment rate — tertiary education

Unemployment rate of 20-64 year-olds with tertiary education — premium-side mirror of low-educ figure.
3.1%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Unemployment rate — tertiary education

Unemployment rate of 20-64 year-olds with tertiary education — premium-side mirror of low-educ figure.
5%
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Job vacancy rate

United States
Labour market

United States — Job vacancy rate

Vacant posts as % of total occupied + vacant posts in NACE B-S — labour-market tightness.
4.4%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Labour market

Germany — Job vacancy rate

Vacant posts as % of total occupied + vacant posts in NACE B-S — labour-market tightness.
2.6%
2025
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 03/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Job vacancy rate

Vacant posts as % of total occupied + vacant posts in NACE B-S — labour-market tightness.
2.6%
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Job vacancy rate

Vacant posts as % of total occupied + vacant posts in NACE B-S — labour-market tightness.
2.2%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Job vacancy rate

Vacant posts as % of total occupied + vacant posts in NACE B-S — labour-market tightness.
2.8%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistics Canada· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Labour cost index — total

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Labour cost index — total

Quarterly labour cost index for NACE B-S (compensation of employees + taxes − subsidies), index 2020=100.
125index
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Labour cost index — total

Quarterly labour cost index for NACE B-S (compensation of employees + taxes − subsidies), index 2020=100.
112index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Labour cost index — total

Quarterly labour cost index for NACE B-S (compensation of employees + taxes − subsidies), index 2020=100.
118index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Labour cost index — services

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Labour cost index — services

Same LCI for NACE G-N services aggregate (wholesale, retail, transport, ICT, finance, real estate, professional & support services).
130index
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Labour cost index — services

Same LCI for NACE G-N services aggregate (wholesale, retail, transport, ICT, finance, real estate, professional & support services).
111index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Labour cost index — services

Same LCI for NACE G-N services aggregate (wholesale, retail, transport, ICT, finance, real estate, professional & support services).
119index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Active population share 20-64

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Active population share 20-64

Persons in the labour force aged 20-64 as % of total population in that age group — quarterly LFS read.
84.5%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Active population share 20-64

Persons in the labour force aged 20-64 as % of total population in that age group — quarterly LFS read.
80.7%
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Early leavers from education

Germany
Labour market

Germany — Early leavers from education

Share of 18-24 year-olds who left education with at most lower-secondary and are not in further training — EU 2030 target metric.
13.1%
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Early leavers from education

Share of 18-24 year-olds who left education with at most lower-secondary and are not in further training — EU 2030 target metric.
7.7%
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Labour force participation rate

United States
Labour market

United States — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
60.8%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
China
Labour market

China — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
65.7%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Labour market

Japan — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
63.8%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Labour market

Germany — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
61.2%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Labour market

France — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
56%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Labour market

United Kingdom — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
62.3%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Labour market

Canada — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
65.3%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Labour market

Italy — Labour force participation rate

Share of the working-age population (15+) that is either employed or actively seeking work. Measures labour-market engagement.
49%
2025
Source: ILO· Data 2025
Upd. 12/2023 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Real median earnings growth

United States
Labour market

United States — Real median earnings growth

Year-on-year change in the median weekly earnings of full-time employees after inflation; positive means pay is outpacing prices.
-2.1%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026
ExploreSource

Briefing notes for this category

  • United States
  • China
  • Japan
  • Germany
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Canada
  • Italy
  • European Union
  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Brazil
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • South Korea
  • Mexico
  • Russia
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Turkey
  • South Africa