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Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

All indicators in this category, across the 19 countries we cover.

Compare across countries

Poverty rate

China
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

China — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
0 %
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Germany
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

Germany — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
15.5 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

France — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
15.9 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

United Kingdom — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
18.6 %
2018
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

Italy — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
18.9 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

European Union — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
16.2 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
Argentina
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

Argentina — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
38.1 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
India
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

India — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
21.9 %
2011
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

Indonesia — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
9 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Mexico
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

Mexico — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
29.6 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Russia
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

Russia — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
7.2 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Turkey
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

Turkey — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
13 %
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
South Africa
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality★ Primary KPI

South Africa — Poverty rate

Share of the population below the poverty line (60% of median income); lower is better.
37.9 %
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource

Median living standard

Germany
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Germany — Median living standard

Income level splitting the population in two halves, in euros per year; the middle income, less skewed than the average.
27.6K EUR
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Median living standard

Income level splitting the population in two halves, in euros per year; the middle income, less skewed than the average.
25.6K EUR
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United Kingdom — Median living standard

Income level splitting the population in two halves, in euros per year; the middle income, less skewed than the average.
21.5K EUR
2018
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Median living standard

Income level splitting the population in two halves, in euros per year; the middle income, less skewed than the average.
20.6K EUR
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Median living standard

Income level splitting the population in two halves, in euros per year; the middle income, less skewed than the average.
21.6K EUR
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource

Gini index

United States
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United States — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
41.8 index
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
China
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

China — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
36 index
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Japan
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Japan — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
32.3 index
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Germany
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Germany — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
29.5 index
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
30 index
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United Kingdom — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
33.5 index
2018
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
Canada
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Canada — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
31.5 index
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
32.2 index
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
29.4 index
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
Argentina
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Argentina — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
42.4 index
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Australia
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Australia — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
33.8 index
2020
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Brazil
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Brazil — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
50.3 index
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
India
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

India — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
25.5 index
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Indonesia — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
34.9 index
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
South Korea
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

South Korea — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
32.9 index
2021
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Mexico
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Mexico — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
42.6 index
2024
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Russia
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Russia — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
33 index
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
Turkey
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Turkey — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
43.7 index
2023
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource
South Africa
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

South Africa — Gini index

Measure of income inequality from 0 (perfect equality) to 1; the lower the index, the more equal the society.
54.1 index
2022
Source: World Bank· 2026
ExploreSource

Poverty intensity

Germany
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Germany — Poverty intensity

Gap between poor people's income and the poverty line; measures the depth, not the number, of poverty.
20.4 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Poverty intensity

Gap between poor people's income and the poverty line; measures the depth, not the number, of poverty.
18.8 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United Kingdom — Poverty intensity

Gap between poor people's income and the poverty line; measures the depth, not the number, of poverty.
23 %
2018
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Poverty intensity

Gap between poor people's income and the poverty line; measures the depth, not the number, of poverty.
26 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Poverty intensity

Gap between poor people's income and the poverty line; measures the depth, not the number, of poverty.
22.7 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource

Material deprivation

Germany
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Germany — Material deprivation

Share of people lacking essential goods or services (heating, meals, emergencies); concrete poverty, beyond income alone.
11.4 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Material deprivation

Share of people lacking essential goods or services (heating, meals, emergencies); concrete poverty, beyond income alone.
12.9 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United Kingdom — Material deprivation

Share of people lacking essential goods or services (heating, meals, emergencies); concrete poverty, beyond income alone.
9.9 %
2018
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Material deprivation

Share of people lacking essential goods or services (heating, meals, emergencies); concrete poverty, beyond income alone.
8.5 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Material deprivation

Share of people lacking essential goods or services (heating, meals, emergencies); concrete poverty, beyond income alone.
12.1 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource

Child poverty

Germany
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Germany — Child poverty

Share of children below the poverty line; a closely watched indicator as it drives lasting inequality.
15.2 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Child poverty

Share of children below the poverty line; a closely watched indicator as it drives lasting inequality.
21.4 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United Kingdom — Child poverty

Share of children below the poverty line; a closely watched indicator as it drives lasting inequality.
23.5 %
2018
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Child poverty

Share of children below the poverty line; a closely watched indicator as it drives lasting inequality.
23.2 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Child poverty

Share of children below the poverty line; a closely watched indicator as it drives lasting inequality.
19.3 %
2024
Source: Eurostat· 2026
ExploreSource

Gender income gap

Germany
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Germany — Gender income gap

Average income gap between women and men, in %; measures gender economic inequality.
17.6 %
2023
Source: Eurostat· 2025
ExploreSource
France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Gender income gap

Average income gap between women and men, in %; measures gender economic inequality.
12.2 %
2023
Source: Eurostat· 2025
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United Kingdom — Gender income gap

Average income gap between women and men, in %; measures gender economic inequality.
19.8 %
2018
Source: Eurostat· 2025
ExploreSource
Italy
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Gender income gap

Average income gap between women and men, in %; measures gender economic inequality.
2.2 %
2023
Source: Eurostat· 2025
ExploreSource
European Union
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

European Union — Gender income gap

Average income gap between women and men, in %; measures gender economic inequality.
12 %
2023
Source: Eurostat· 2025
ExploreSource

Household over-indebtedness

United States
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United States — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
8
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource
Japan
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Japan — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
7.8
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource
Germany
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Germany — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
5.4
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource
France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
5.9
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

United Kingdom — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
8.9
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource
Canada
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Canada — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
14.1
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource
Italy
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Italy — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
4.4
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource
Australia
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

Australia — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
17.4
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource
South Korea
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

South Korea — Household over-indebtedness

Number of over-indebtedness filings; signals households' financial fragility.
10.9
2024
Source: BIS· 2025
ExploreSource

AROPE rate (total)

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — AROPE rate (total)

At-risk-of-poverty-or-social-exclusion rate — Europe 2030 headline poverty metric.
20.5 %
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
ExploreSource

AROPE rate — female

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — AROPE rate — female

AROPE rate for women — gender breakdown.
21.7 %
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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AROPE rate — male

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — AROPE rate — male

AROPE rate for men — pair with the female series.
19.2 %
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
ExploreSource

AROPE rate — youth 16-29

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — AROPE rate — youth 16-29

AROPE rate for young people aged 16-29.
23.5 %
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
ExploreSource

AROPE rate — elderly 65+

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — AROPE rate — elderly 65+

AROPE rate for the 65+ population.
14.6 %
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
ExploreSource

S80/S20 income ratio

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — S80/S20 income ratio

Ratio of the top to bottom quintile of equivalised disposable income — inequality headline.
4.66 ratio
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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S80/S20 — elderly

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — S80/S20 — elderly

S80/S20 ratio among the 65+ population.
3.65 ratio
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
ExploreSource

Gini coefficient (EU-SILC)

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Gini coefficient (EU-SILC)

Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income — 0=perfect equality, 100=max inequality.
30 index
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
ExploreSource

Gini coefficient — children

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Gini coefficient — children

Gini coefficient among the under-18 population — child-inequality angle.
30.4 index
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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Median equivalised income (EUR)

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Median equivalised income (EUR)

Median equivalised net disposable income in EUR — middle of the income distribution.
25.6K EUR
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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Median income — female

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Median income — female

Median equivalised income for women.
24.9K EUR
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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Median income — male

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Median income — male

Median equivalised income for men.
26.2K EUR
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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Mean equivalised income (EUR)

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Mean equivalised income (EUR)

Mean equivalised net disposable income — sensitive to top tail (pairs with median).
29.3K EUR
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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Severe material + social deprivation

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Severe material + social deprivation

Share of population in severe material + social deprivation — 7+ deprivation items out of 13.
12.9 %
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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Severe deprivation — female

France
Social cohesion, poverty & inequality

France — Severe deprivation — female

Severe material + social deprivation rate among women.
14.2 %
2024
Source: BIS· 2026
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