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Economy & public finances

All indicators in this category, across the 20 countries we cover.

Compare across countries

Government borrowing rate

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Government borrowing rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Yield at which the market lends to the State, by borrowing horizon: government bonds from 1 to 10 years, depending on the official series available for each country (daily quotes or monthly averages), with the euro-area overnight rate (€STR, ECB) as a reference. The lower it is, the cheaper the debt is to finance.· Germany — Bundesbank term structure: zero-coupon yield at 1, 5 or 10 years residual maturity, estimated daily (Svensson method) from the prices of listed Federal securities (Bund, Bobl, Schatz). It is what Federal borrowing at that horizon costs at the day's conditions.· 1 day: €STR, the rate at which euro-area banks borrow unsecured overnight (ECB). Not a State borrowing rate, but the benchmark for very short rates.· 1 week, 1 month, 3 and 6 months: not shown. The Bundesbank daily curve starts at 1 year residual maturity; issue yields of the Federal short-term paper (Bubills) are not released as an open daily series.· Weekly, monthly, annual: average of the period's daily quotes; the running period is dashed and is never the value shown.· 1 day : BCE — EST.B.EU000A2X2A25.WT (since Oct 1, 2019)· 1 year : Deutsche Bundesbank — BBSIS.D.I.ZST.ZI.EUR.S1311.B.A604.R01XX.R.A.A._Z._Z.A (since Nov 1, 2004)· 5 years : Deutsche Bundesbank — BBSIS.D.I.ZST.ZI.EUR.S1311.B.A604.R05XX.R.A.A._Z._Z.A (since Nov 1, 2004)· 10 years : Deutsche Bundesbank — BBSIS.D.I.ZST.ZI.EUR.S1311.B.A604.R10XX.R.A.A._Z._Z.A (since Nov 1, 2004)
3.38%
Horizon
Nov 4, 2026
Frequency
Source: BCE · Deutsche Bundesbank· Data Nov 4, 2026Source type : Official
Secondary market, daily quotes
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France
Economy & public finances

France — Government borrowing rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Yield at which the market lends to the State, by borrowing horizon: government bonds from 1 to 10 years, depending on the official series available for each country (daily quotes or monthly averages), with the euro-area overnight rate (€STR, ECB) as a reference. The lower it is, the cheaper the debt is to finance.· France — TEC (constant-maturity rate, Banque de France): yield of a theoretical OAT of exactly 1, 5 or 10 years, interpolated daily between the two government bonds closest to that maturity. It is what new State borrowing at that horizon costs at the day's conditions.· 1 day: €STR, the rate at which euro-area banks borrow unsecured overnight (ECB). Not a State borrowing rate, but the benchmark for very short rates.· 1 week, 1 month, 3 and 6 months: not shown. The State issues nothing shorter than four weeks, and no official, up-to-date daily series of BTF (Treasury bill) yields is available as open data: the Banque de France one (3 months) stops in July 2024.· Weekly, monthly, annual: average of the period's daily quotes; the running period is dashed and is never the value shown.· 1 day : BCE — EST.B.EU000A2X2A25.WT (since Oct 1, 2019)· 1 year : Banque de France — FM.D.FR.EUR.FR2.BB.FRMOYTEC1.HSTA (since Nov 3, 2004)· 5 years : Banque de France — FM.D.FR.EUR.FR2.BB.FRMOYTEC5.HSTA (since Nov 3, 2004)· 10 years : Banque de France — FM.D.FR.EUR.FR2.BB.FRMOYTEC10.HSTA (since Nov 3, 2004)
4.88%
Horizon
Nov 4, 2026
Frequency
Source: BCE · Banque de France· Data Nov 4, 2026Source type : Official
Secondary market, daily quotes
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Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Government borrowing rate

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Yield at which the market lends to the State, by borrowing horizon: government bonds from 1 to 10 years, depending on the official series available for each country (daily quotes or monthly averages), with the euro-area overnight rate (€STR, ECB) as a reference. The lower it is, the cheaper the debt is to finance.· Italy — ECB long-term interest rate for convergence purposes (Maastricht criterion), compiled by the Banca d'Italia: monthly average secondary-market yield of 10-year government bonds (BTP). It is the only official Italian State rate released as open data; it is monthly.· 1 day: €STR, the rate at which euro-area banks borrow unsecured overnight (ECB). Not a State borrowing rate, but the benchmark for very short rates.· 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months, 1 and 5 years, and the daily view: not available for Italy. The Banca d'Italia's daily BTP yields are not released as open data, and the Treasury's (MEF) issue yields are monthly and published irregularly.· Weekly, monthly, annual: average of the period's daily quotes; the running period is dashed and is never the value shown.· 1 day : BCE — EST.B.EU000A2X2A25.WT (since Oct 1, 2019)· 10 years : BCE — IRS.M.IT.L.L40.CI.0000.EUR.N.Z (since Nov 1, 2004)
4.36%
Horizon
Sep 2026
Frequency
Source: BCE· Data Nov 3, 2026Source type : Official
Secondary market, monthly averages
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GDP growth

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
2.5%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026
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China
Economy & public finances

China — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
4%
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.1%
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
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Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
0.3%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026
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France
Economy & public finances

France — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
-0.1%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026
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United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.4%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026
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Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.9%
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
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Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — GDP Growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026
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European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.5%
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025· EU27
Upd. 06/2026
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Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
5.5%
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
2.1%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics· Data Q2 2026
 
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Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
2%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística· Data Q2 2026
 
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India
Economy & public finances

India — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
6.2%
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
4.7%
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.1%
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
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Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
3.2%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026
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Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.5%
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
3%
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
3.6%
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
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South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — GDP growth

Primary KPI: one of the key indicators tracked first for this country.Change in real GDP from one period to the next; positive means the economy grows, negative that it shrinks.
1.1%
2025
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
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State budget (France)

France
Economy & public finances

France — State budget by mission

Breakdown of the French State general budget by ministerial mission (latest finance law, payment credits). Different concept from « general government spending » (COFOG / Eurostat) which includes social security and local authorities — this is the central State alone (~€594bn in 2026 vs ~€1500bn for general government). Reading keys for the more opaque missions: • Refunds & tax credits (€146bn): technical line — VAT refunds, R&D tax credit (CIR), other tax credits flowing back to taxpayers. Not actual policy spending. State's « real » mission spending ≈ €448bn. • Financial commitments (€60bn): essentially debt servicing (interest payments). • Solidarity (€31bn): RSA, prime d'activité, AAH disability allowance. • Territorial cohesion (€23bn): housing aid (APL) + urban policy. • Police & gendarmerie (€26bn): national police + gendarmerie + civil security. • School education (€90bn): primary + secondary; higher education sits in « Research & higher education ».
593Mds €
State general budget — 2026 (payment credits)
  • Refunds & tax credits (technical line)
    145.6 Mds €
  • School education
    89.6 Mds €
  • Defense
    66.5 Mds €
Source: Loi de finances pour 2026 (LFI 2026) · LOI n° 2026-103 du 19 février 2026· Data 2026
 
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Public budget decomposition

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Public budget by function

% of the federal budget

  • Medicare
    18.1%
  • Social Security
    16.5%
  • National defense
    14.0%
  • Net interest
    12.4%
  • Health
    11.3%
Source: USAspending.gov · OMB function· Data 2025
Federal government outlays by OMB function (share of program spending) — a different perimeter and taxonomy than the COFOG (general government) cards, so not directly comparable.
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Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Public budget by function

% of total public expenditure

  • Social protection
    41.3%
  • Health
    15.4%
  • General services
    13.0%
  • Economic affairs
    11.0%
  • Education
    9.1%
Source: Eurostat · COFOG· Data 2024
 
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France
Economy & public finances

France — Public budget by function

% of total public expenditure

  • Social protection
    41.5%
  • Health
    15.6%
  • General services
    10.8%
  • Economic affairs
    9.9%
  • Education
    8.9%
Source: Eurostat · COFOG· Data 2024
 
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United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Public budget by function

% of total public expenditure

  • Social protection
    32.9%
  • Health
    18.6%
  • General services
    13.6%
  • Economic affairs
    10.5%
  • Education
    10.3%
Source: IMF · GFS (COFOG)· Data 2023
 
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Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Public budget by function

% of total public expenditure

  • Social protection
    42.2%
  • General services
    15.4%
  • Health
    13.2%
  • Economic affairs
    10.1%
  • Education
    8.0%
Source: Eurostat · COFOG· Data 2024
 
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Social protection by risk

France
Economy & public finances

France — Social protection by risk

  • Old age & survivors
    14.6%
  • Sickness, disability & occupational risks
    10.2%
  • Family & maternity
    2.2%
  • Employment & unemployment
    1.8%
  • Poverty & social exclusion
    0.8%
  • Housing benefits
    0.7%
Source: DREES — Social protection accounts· Data 2022 · Total: 30.3% of GDP
 
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GDP

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
30,507USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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China
Economy & public finances

China — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
19,232USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
4,186USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
4,745USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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France
Economy & public finances

France — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
3,211USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
3,839USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
2,225USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
2,423USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
19,501USD bn
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024· EU (World Bank aggregate)
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
684USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
1,772USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
2,126USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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India
Economy & public finances

India — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
4,187USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
1,430USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
1,790USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
1,693USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
2,076USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
1,084USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
1,437USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — GDP

Gross domestic product at current prices, expressed in billions of US dollars (market exchange rate). The standard cross-country measure of "size of the economy" in a common currency.
410USD bn
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Public debt

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Public Debt / GDP

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
121.2% GDP
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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China
Economy & public finances

China — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
96.3% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
234.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
63.4% GDP
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Deutsche Bundesbank· Data Q2 2026
Y-axis truncated
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France
Economy & public finances

France — Public Debt / GDP

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
119% GDP
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
102.6% GDP
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
112.5% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
137.3% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
73.1% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
50.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
92% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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India
Economy & public finances

India — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
80.4% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
41% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
54.5% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
60.7% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
21.4% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
34.8% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
26.7% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — Public debt

Total government debt as a share of GDP; the lower the ratio, the more sustainable the debt.
79.6% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Budget balance

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-5.8% GDP
2025
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data 2025
Upd. 11/2026
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China
Economy & public finances

China — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-8.6% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-1% GDP
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
ExploreSource
Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-2.9% GDP
2025
Source: Deutsche Bundesbank· Data 2025
 
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-5.1% GDP
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-5.4% GDP
2025
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data 2025
Upd. 09/2026
ExploreSource
Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-1.8% GDP
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Budget Balance / GDP

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-3.1% GDP
2025
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-3.1% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
0.4% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-3.9% GDP
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
ExploreSource
Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-8.5% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
India
Economy & public finances

India — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-6.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-2.6% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-2.5% GDP
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
ExploreSource
Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-4% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-1% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-4.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-2.9% GDP
2025
Source: OECD· Data 2025
Upd. 06/2026
ExploreSource
South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — Budget balance

Government revenue minus spending over a year, as % of GDP; negative is a deficit, positive a surplus.
-6.6% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Public spending

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
24.4% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
20.1% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
50.1% GDP
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
57.2% GDP
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
41.2% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
19.1% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
50.4% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
49.2% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
21% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
27.6% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
32.4% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Economy & public finances

India — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
13.7% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
15.4% GDP
2009
Source: World Bank· Data 2009
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
28.3% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
22.5% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
30% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
24.2% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
33% GDP
2023
Source: World Bank· Data 2023
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — Public spending

Total government spending relative to GDP; gauges the weight of the state in the economy.
33.4% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

GDP per capita

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
71.8KUSD
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
China
Economy & public finances

China — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
13.3KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
33.8KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
54.2KEUR
2025
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
42.6KEUR
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
37.8KPPP $
2019
Source: IMF· Data 2019
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
55KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
37.3KEUR
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
39.9KEUR
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
14KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
64.6KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
10.3KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Economy & public finances

India — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
2.6KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
4.9KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
36.2KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
14KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
15KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
35.5KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
15.9KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — GDP per capita

National output (GDP) divided by population; a rough proxy for average living standards. Shown in the source's unit: euros (Eurostat, Destatis), international dollars at purchasing-power parity (IMF) or US dollars (BEA, World Bank).
6.3KUSD
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Hourly labour cost

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Hourly labour cost

Average compensation of employees per hour worked — the level used in EU cost-competitiveness comparisons.
44.87EUR/hour
2025
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Hourly labour cost

Average compensation of employees per hour worked — the level used in EU cost-competitiveness comparisons.
39.4EUR/hour
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Hourly labour cost

Average compensation of employees per hour worked — the level used in EU cost-competitiveness comparisons.
27.2EUR/hour
2019
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2019
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Hourly labour cost

Average compensation of employees per hour worked — the level used in EU cost-competitiveness comparisons.
26.1EUR/hour
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Hourly labour cost

Average compensation of employees per hour worked — the level used in EU cost-competitiveness comparisons.
29.6EUR/hour
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Labour productivity per hour

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
107index
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
99.77index
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
100index
Q1 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q1 2026
Upd. 08/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
105index
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Statistics Canada· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
99.36index
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Labour productivity per hour

Real labour productivity per hour worked (index 2015=100) — long-run growth driver.
105index
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Consumer confidence

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Consumer confidence

Monthly consumer confidence indicator — standard sentiment headline, pairs with the existing business climate.
-13.57balance
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Consumer confidence

Monthly consumer confidence indicator — standard sentiment headline, pairs with the existing business climate.
-16.29balance
2025
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Consumer confidence

Monthly consumer confidence indicator — standard sentiment headline, pairs with the existing business climate.
-16.3balance
2025
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Consumer confidence

Monthly consumer confidence indicator — standard sentiment headline, pairs with the existing business climate.
-12.88balance
2025
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource

Industrial confidence

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Industrial confidence

Monthly industrial confidence indicator (SA) — sentiment in the producing sector.
-10.57balance
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Industrial confidence

Monthly industrial confidence indicator (SA) — sentiment in the producing sector.
-9.38balance
2025
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Industrial confidence

Monthly industrial confidence indicator (SA) — sentiment in the producing sector.
-7.52balance
2025
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Industrial confidence

Monthly industrial confidence indicator (SA) — sentiment in the producing sector.
-10.17balance
2025
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — Industrial confidence

Monthly industrial confidence indicator (SA) — sentiment in the producing sector.
-10.17balance
2025
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource

Mandatory levies

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
10.8% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
China
Economy & public finances

China — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
7% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
40.7% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
45.2% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
26.9% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
13.7% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
42.5% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
40.3% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
10.4% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
23.6% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
15.4% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Economy & public finances

India — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
6.9% GDP
2022
Source: World Bank· Data 2022
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
11.1% GDP
2009
Source: World Bank· Data 2009
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
13.3% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
14.8% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
10.9% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
8.1% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
17.6% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — Mandatory levies

Taxes and social contributions collected, as % of GDP; measures the overall tax burden.
25.9% GDP
2024
Source: World Bank· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Direct taxes — % GDP

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Direct taxes — % GDP

Direct taxes (income, wealth, D5) as % of GDP — political-economy headline within total levies.
12.8% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Direct taxes — % GDP

Direct taxes (income, wealth, D5) as % of GDP — political-economy headline within total levies.
12.5% GDP
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Direct taxes — % GDP

Direct taxes (income, wealth, D5) as % of GDP — political-economy headline within total levies.
15.6% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Direct taxes — % GDP

Direct taxes (income, wealth, D5) as % of GDP — political-economy headline within total levies.
13.3% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Indirect taxes — % GDP

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Indirect taxes — % GDP

Indirect taxes on products & production (D2) as % of GDP — VAT + excise headline.
10.3% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Indirect taxes — % GDP

Indirect taxes on products & production (D2) as % of GDP — VAT + excise headline.
15.5% GDP
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Indirect taxes — % GDP

Indirect taxes on products & production (D2) as % of GDP — VAT + excise headline.
14.1% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Indirect taxes — % GDP

Indirect taxes on products & production (D2) as % of GDP — VAT + excise headline.
12.8% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Industrial production

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Industrial production

Index of the volume produced by industry (factories, energy); tracks industrial activity month by month, base 100 at a reference year.
103index
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Industrial production

Index of the volume produced by industry (factories, energy); tracks industrial activity month by month, base 100 at a reference year.
91.4index
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Deutsche Bundesbank· Data Q2 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Industrial production

Index of the volume produced by industry (factories, energy); tracks industrial activity month by month, base 100 at a reference year.
52.43index
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 11/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Industrial production

Index of the volume produced by industry (factories, energy); tracks industrial activity month by month, base 100 at a reference year.
101index
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Industrial production

Index of the volume produced by industry (factories, energy); tracks industrial activity month by month, base 100 at a reference year.
94.1index
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica· Data Q2 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Gross fixed capital formation

Share of GDP devoted to investment in durable assets — machinery, buildings, housing — by firms, households and government.
18.8% GDP
2025
Source: Office for National Statistics· Data 2025
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Current account balance

China
Economy & public finances

China — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
1.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
3.4% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
4.8% GDP
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Deutsche Bundesbank· Data Q2 2026
Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
0.2% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-3.7% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-0.1% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
0.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-0.4% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-3.1% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-2.3% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Economy & public finances

India — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-0.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-1.5% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
3.5% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-0.5% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
1.9% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-4% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-1.2% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — Current account balance

Balance of current transactions with abroad (goods, services, income), as % of GDP; positive means the country lends to the world.
-1.2% GDP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource

Business climate

France
Economy & public finances

France — Business climate

Index summarising business managers' sentiment; above 100 conditions are seen as favourable, below as unfavourable.
97.2index
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: INSEE· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Real GDP per capita

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Real GDP per capita

Chain-linked-volume GDP per capita (base 2020) — the real-terms version of GDP per head.
43,750EUR/capita
2025
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Real GDP per capita

Chain-linked-volume GDP per capita (base 2020) — the real-terms version of GDP per head.
38,110EUR/capita
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Real GDP per capita

Chain-linked-volume GDP per capita (base 2020) — the real-terms version of GDP per head.
32,880EUR/capita
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Real GDP per capita

Chain-linked-volume GDP per capita (base 2020) — the real-terms version of GDP per head.
33,650EUR/capita
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Real disposable income per capita

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Real disposable income per capita

Quarterly real gross disposable income of households per capita (index 2010=100).
119index
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Real disposable income per capita

Quarterly real gross disposable income of households per capita (index 2010=100).
111index
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Real disposable income per capita

Quarterly real gross disposable income of households per capita (index 2010=100).
100index
2024
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Real disposable income per capita

Quarterly real gross disposable income of households per capita (index 2010=100).
115index
2024
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Household saving rate

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Household saving rate

Gross saving rate of households — share of disposable income not consumed.
19%
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Household saving rate

Gross saving rate of households — share of disposable income not consumed.
17.9%
2024
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Household saving rate

Gross saving rate of households — share of disposable income not consumed.
6.5%
2019
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2019
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Household saving rate

Gross saving rate of households — share of disposable income not consumed.
11.9%
2024
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Household saving rate

Gross saving rate of households — share of disposable income not consumed.
14.5%
2024
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

NFC profit share

United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — NFC profit share

Gross profit share of non-financial corporations (B2G_B3G / B1G) — wage/profit split debate centre.
33.9%
2019
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2019
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — NFC profit share

Gross profit share of non-financial corporations (B2G_B3G / B1G) — wage/profit split debate centre.
40.1%
2024
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

NFC investment rate

United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — NFC investment rate

Gross investment rate of non-financial corporations (P51G / B1G) — supply-side health check.
18.4%
2019
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2019
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — NFC investment rate

Gross investment rate of non-financial corporations (P51G / B1G) — supply-side health check.
22.2%
2024
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — NFC investment rate

Gross investment rate of non-financial corporations (P51G / B1G) — supply-side health check.
22.1%
2024
Frequency
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

R&D intensity

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — R&D intensity

Total R&D expenditure as % of GDP — knowledge-economy headline; 3% Lisbon reference target.
3.1% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — R&D intensity

Total R&D expenditure as % of GDP — knowledge-economy headline; 3% Lisbon reference target.
2.2% GDP
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — R&D intensity

Total R&D expenditure as % of GDP — knowledge-economy headline; 3% Lisbon reference target.
1.8% GDP
2019
Source: OECD· Data 2019
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — R&D intensity

Total R&D expenditure as % of GDP — knowledge-economy headline; 3% Lisbon reference target.
1.4% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — R&D intensity

Total R&D expenditure as % of GDP — knowledge-economy headline; 3% Lisbon reference target.
2.2% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Social contributions — % GDP

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Social contributions — % GDP

Social contributions (D61) as % of GDP — third pillar of France's high fiscal pressure.
17.5% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Social contributions — % GDP

Social contributions (D61) as % of GDP — third pillar of France's high fiscal pressure.
16.5% GDP
2024
Source: BIS· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Social contributions — % GDP

Social contributions (D61) as % of GDP — third pillar of France's high fiscal pressure.
12.7% GDP
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Social contributions — % GDP

Social contributions (D61) as % of GDP — third pillar of France's high fiscal pressure.
14% GDP
2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

10-year sovereign bond yield

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — 10-year sovereign bond yield

Monthly average yield on the 10-year EMU convergence benchmark bond — sovereign borrowing-cost barometer.
3.41%/yr
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: Deutsche Bundesbank· Data Q3 2026
 
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — 10-year sovereign bond yield

Monthly average yield on the 10-year EMU convergence benchmark bond — sovereign borrowing-cost barometer.
3.37%/yr
2025
Frequency
Source: BIS· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — 10-year sovereign bond yield

Monthly average yield on the 10-year EMU convergence benchmark bond — sovereign borrowing-cost barometer.
4.12%/yr
2024
Frequency
Source: OECD· Data 2024
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — 10-year sovereign bond yield

Monthly average yield on the 10-year EMU convergence benchmark bond — sovereign borrowing-cost barometer.
3.59%/yr
2025
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data 2025
Upd. 01/2026
ExploreSource

Business birth rate

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Business birth rate

Employment-weighted enterprise birth rate (NACE B-S excl. holding cos) — entrepreneurship dynamic.
0.4%
2024
Source: Eurostat· Data 2024
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Business birth rate

Employment-weighted enterprise birth rate (NACE B-S excl. holding cos) — entrepreneurship dynamic.
0.7%
2023
Source: BIS· Data 2023
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Business birth rate

Employment-weighted enterprise birth rate (NACE B-S excl. holding cos) — entrepreneurship dynamic.
1.3%
2023
Source: Eurostat· Data 2023
Upd. 01/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

International reserves

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
238,801M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
China
Economy & public finances

China — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
3,456,141M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
1,230,715M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
377,898M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
282,830M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
174,767M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
119,778M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
290,520M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
1,448,052M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024· Euro area
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
29,587M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
60,403M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
329,730M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
India
Economy & public finances

India — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
635,693M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
155,719M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
414,252M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
232,035M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
598,395M USD
2023
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2023
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
437,202M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
155,142M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — International reserves

Total reserve assets held by the central bank (gold, FX, SDRs, IMF position). Signals the country's ability to meet external obligations.
65,458M USD
2024
Frequency
Source: IMF· Data 2024
Upd. 08/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Social protection

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Social protection

Pensions, unemployment, family, sickness, social exclusion benefits (share of total public expenditure — typically the largest line item).
41.3%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Social protection

Pensions, unemployment, family, sickness, social exclusion benefits (share of total public expenditure — typically the largest line item).
41.5%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Social protection

Pensions, unemployment, family, sickness, social exclusion benefits (share of total public expenditure — typically the largest line item).
32.9%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Social protection

Pensions, unemployment, family, sickness, social exclusion benefits (share of total public expenditure — typically the largest line item).
42.2%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Health

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Health

Public hospitals, outpatient care, pharmaceuticals, public health (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from total health expenditure % GDP which includes private spending).
15.4%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Health

Public hospitals, outpatient care, pharmaceuticals, public health (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from total health expenditure % GDP which includes private spending).
15.6%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Health

Public hospitals, outpatient care, pharmaceuticals, public health (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from total health expenditure % GDP which includes private spending).
18.6%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Health

Public hospitals, outpatient care, pharmaceuticals, public health (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from total health expenditure % GDP which includes private spending).
13.2%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Education

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Education

Primary, secondary, tertiary education, research and training (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from education spending % GDP).
9.1%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Education

Primary, secondary, tertiary education, research and training (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from education spending % GDP).
8.9%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Education

Primary, secondary, tertiary education, research and training (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from education spending % GDP).
10.3%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Education

Primary, secondary, tertiary education, research and training (share of total public expenditure — distinct concept from education spending % GDP).
8%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

General services

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — General services

Operating costs of government bodies, legislative organs, external aid, and public debt servicing (share of total public expenditure).
13%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — General services

Operating costs of government bodies, legislative organs, external aid, and public debt servicing (share of total public expenditure).
10.8%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — General services

Operating costs of government bodies, legislative organs, external aid, and public debt servicing (share of total public expenditure).
13.6%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — General services

Operating costs of government bodies, legislative organs, external aid, and public debt servicing (share of total public expenditure).
15.4%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Defense

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Defense

Military and civil defense expenditure (share of total public expenditure, Eurostat COFOG source — distinct concept from SIPRI % GDP).
2.7%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Defense

Military and civil defense expenditure (share of total public expenditure, Eurostat COFOG source — distinct concept from SIPRI % GDP).
3.2%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Defense

Military and civil defense expenditure (share of total public expenditure, Eurostat COFOG source — distinct concept from SIPRI % GDP).
4.8%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Defense

Military and civil defense expenditure (share of total public expenditure, Eurostat COFOG source — distinct concept from SIPRI % GDP).
2.6%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Public order & safety

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Public order & safety

Police, courts, prisons, and fire services (share of total public expenditure).
3.3%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Public order & safety

Police, courts, prisons, and fire services (share of total public expenditure).
3.1%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Public order & safety

Police, courts, prisons, and fire services (share of total public expenditure).
4.6%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Public order & safety

Police, courts, prisons, and fire services (share of total public expenditure).
3.5%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Economic affairs

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Economic affairs

Sectoral subsidies, transport, energy, communications, economic R&D (share of total public expenditure).
11%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Economic affairs

Sectoral subsidies, transport, energy, communications, economic R&D (share of total public expenditure).
9.9%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Economic affairs

Sectoral subsidies, transport, energy, communications, economic R&D (share of total public expenditure).
10.5%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Economic affairs

Sectoral subsidies, transport, energy, communications, economic R&D (share of total public expenditure).
10.1%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Environmental protection

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Environmental protection

Waste management, water, biodiversity, pollution control (share of total public expenditure).
1.1%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Environmental protection

Waste management, water, biodiversity, pollution control (share of total public expenditure).
1.8%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Environmental protection

Waste management, water, biodiversity, pollution control (share of total public expenditure).
1.5%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Environmental protection

Waste management, water, biodiversity, pollution control (share of total public expenditure).
1.8%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

Housing & community amenities

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Housing & community amenities

Social housing, urban planning, water supply, street lighting (share of total public expenditure).
1%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Housing & community amenities

Social housing, urban planning, water supply, street lighting (share of total public expenditure).
2.5%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Housing & community amenities

Social housing, urban planning, water supply, street lighting (share of total public expenditure).
2%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Housing & community amenities

Social housing, urban planning, water supply, street lighting (share of total public expenditure).
1.5%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Recreation, culture & religion

Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Recreation, culture & religion

Sport, culture, public media, support for religion (share of total public expenditure).
2.1%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Recreation, culture & religion

Sport, culture, public media, support for religion (share of total public expenditure).
2.6%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Recreation, culture & religion

Sport, culture, public media, support for religion (share of total public expenditure).
1.3%
of total public expenditure · 2023
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2023
Upd. 06/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Recreation, culture & religion

Sport, culture, public media, support for religion (share of total public expenditure).
1.7%
of total public expenditure · 2024
Source: CEPREMAP· Data 2024
Upd. 07/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource

National defense

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — National defense

U.S. federal government outlays for the National defense budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
14%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

International affairs

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — International affairs

U.S. federal government outlays for the International affairs budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
0.7%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

General science, space & technology

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — General science, space & technology

U.S. federal government outlays for the General science, space & technology budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
0.5%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Energy

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Energy

U.S. federal government outlays for the Energy budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
0.6%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Natural resources & environment

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Natural resources & environment

U.S. federal government outlays for the Natural resources & environment budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
1.3%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Agriculture

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Agriculture

U.S. federal government outlays for the Agriculture budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
0.7%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Commerce & housing credit

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Commerce & housing credit

U.S. federal government outlays for the Commerce & housing credit budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
0.9%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Transportation

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Transportation

U.S. federal government outlays for the Transportation budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
2%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Community & regional development

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Community & regional development

U.S. federal government outlays for the Community & regional development budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
1.1%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Education, training, employment & social services

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Education, training, employment & social services

U.S. federal government outlays for the Education, training, employment & social services budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
2.2%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Health

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Health

U.S. federal government outlays for the Health budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
11.3%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Medicare

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Medicare

U.S. federal government outlays for the Medicare budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
18.1%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Income security

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Income security

U.S. federal government outlays for the Income security budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
7.5%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Social Security

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Social Security

U.S. federal government outlays for the Social Security budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
16.5%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Veterans benefits & services

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Veterans benefits & services

U.S. federal government outlays for the Veterans benefits & services budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
4.1%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Administration of justice

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Administration of justice

U.S. federal government outlays for the Administration of justice budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
1.1%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

General government

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — General government

U.S. federal government outlays for the General government budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
5%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Net interest

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Net interest

U.S. federal government outlays for the Net interest budget function, as a share of total federal program outlays (latest fiscal year, OMB functional classification via USAspending).
12.4%
of the federal budget · FY2025
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — USAspending.gov· Data FY2025
Upd. 07/2026
ExploreSource

Old age & survivors

France
Economy & public finances

France — Old age & survivors

Social protection expenditure for old age and survivors (pensions, reversionary pensions) as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework, distinct from COFOG.
14.6%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
Explore

Sickness, disability & occupational risks

France
Economy & public finances

France — Sickness, disability & occupational risks

Social protection expenditure for sickness, disability and occupational accidents/diseases as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
10.2%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
Explore

Family & maternity

France
Economy & public finances

France — Family & maternity

Social protection expenditure for family and maternity benefits as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
2.2%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
Explore

Employment & unemployment

France
Economy & public finances

France — Employment & unemployment

Social protection expenditure for employment: unemployment benefits and professional reinsertion as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
1.8%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
Explore

Poverty & social exclusion

France
Economy & public finances

France — Poverty & social exclusion

Social protection expenditure for poverty prevention and social exclusion as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
0.8%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
Explore

Housing benefits

France
Economy & public finances

France — Housing benefits

Social protection expenditure for housing benefits as % of GDP — SESPROS/DREES framework.
0.7%
2022
Source: DREES· Data 2022
Y-axis truncated
Explore

Pension spending (old age and survivors), constant euros

France
Economy & public finances

France — Pension spending (old age and survivors), constant euros

Social benefits of the old-age and survivors risk (retirement and survivor pensions, minimum old-age income…), all schemes, France, in billions of constant euros of the latest published year (deflated by the Insee consumer price index). Source: DREES, social protection accounts. Same scope as the « Old age and survivors » card in % of GDP.· Amounts published by DREES in current euros, converted to constant euros of the latest published year with the Insee consumer price index (all households, France): the line shows the change net of inflation. Scope: social benefits of the risk, all schemes; see the % of GDP card for the weight in the economy.· Licence : Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0 (French open licence) — DREES, Insee
427Mds EUR
2024
Source: DREES· Data 2024Source type : Official
Constant euros (Insee CPI)
ExploreSource

Health spending (social protection), constant euros

France
Economy & public finances

France — Health spending (social protection), constant euros

Social benefits of the health risk (sickness, disability, work accidents and occupational diseases), France, in billions of constant euros of the latest published year (deflated by the Insee consumer price index). Source: DREES, social protection accounts. Same scope as the « Health » card in % of GDP; not the current health expenditure of the health accounts.· Amounts published by DREES in current euros, converted to constant euros of the latest published year with the Insee consumer price index (all households, France): the line shows the change net of inflation. Scope: social benefits of the risk, all schemes; see the % of GDP card for the weight in the economy.· Licence : Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0 (French open licence) — DREES, Insee
339Mds EUR
2024
Source: DREES· Data 2024Source type : Official
Constant euros (Insee CPI)
ExploreSource

Public debt (amount)

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
37.4TUSD
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
China
Economy & public finances

China — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
134.7TCNY
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Japan
Economy & public finances

Japan — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
1466.7TJPY
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Germany
Economy & public finances

Germany — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
2.9TEUR
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
France
Economy & public finances

France — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
3.6TEUR
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
United Kingdom
Economy & public finances

United Kingdom — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
3.1TGBP
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Canada
Economy & public finances

Canada — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
3.6TCAD
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Italy
Economy & public finances

Italy — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
3.2TEUR
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
European Union
Economy & public finances

European Union — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
16TEUR
Q2 2026
Frequency
Source: Eurostat· Data Q2 2026
Upd. 10/2026 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Argentina
Economy & public finances

Argentina — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
581.1TARS
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Australia
Economy & public finances

Australia — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
1.4TAUD
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
ExploreSource
Brazil
Economy & public finances

Brazil — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
11.4TBRL
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
India
Economy & public finances

India — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
293.1TINR
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
Indonesia
Economy & public finances

Indonesia — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
9692.8TIDR
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
ExploreSource
South Korea
Economy & public finances

South Korea — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
1421TKRW
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Mexico
Economy & public finances

Mexico — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
21.5TMXN
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025 · Y-axis truncated
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Russia
Economy & public finances

Russia — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
45.8TRUB
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Saudi Arabia
Economy & public finances

Saudi Arabia — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
1.4TSAR
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Turkey
Economy & public finances

Turkey — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
16TTRY
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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South Africa
Economy & public finances

South Africa — Public debt (amount)

Outstanding consolidated gross debt of general government (central and local government, social security), in current national currency. Complements public debt as % of GDP: the amount measures what is owed, the ratio its sustainability.
6.1TZAR
2025
Source: IMF· Data 2025
Upd. 05/2025
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Customs duties revenue (tariffs)

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Customs duties revenue (tariffs)

Tariffs and other import duties collected by the federal government, in billions of dollars, net of refunds; a month can be negative when refunds exceed collections.
10.2USD bn
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — Bureau of the Fiscal Service· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 09/2026
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Average interest rate on federal debt

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Average interest rate on federal debt

Average rate the federal government pays on all its interest-bearing debt (bills, notes, bonds…); it follows market rates with a lag, as the debt rolls over.
3.5%
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — Bureau of the Fiscal Service· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 09/2026 · Y-axis truncated
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Federal net interest outlays

United States
Economy & public finances

United States — Federal net interest outlays

Net interest the federal government pays on its debt held by the public, in billions of dollars (excluding interest paid to its own trust funds such as Social Security, minus interest it receives); annual totals read by fiscal year (October-September).
225USD bn
Q3 2026
Frequency
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury — Bureau of the Fiscal Service· Data Q3 2026
Upd. 09/2026
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Briefing notes for this category

  • United States
  • China
  • Japan
  • Germany
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Canada
  • Italy
  • European Union
  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Brazil
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • South Korea
  • Mexico
  • Russia
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Turkey
  • South Africa