Deep dives
In-depth reports built on official public statistics: every chart and figure is computed from the sources cited.
63 deep dives
- World Artificial intelligence10 min readData as of Nov 10, 2026Artificial intelligence: how big is the boom?The four cloud giants doubled their investment in a year; AI revenue is growing fast but remains far behind.Read the deep dive →
- France Record in office16 min readData as of Nov 8, 2026Emmanuel Macron: the record in figuresNineteen indicators measured from the start to the end of each term (or to date), compared with the European Union over the same period, and the main commitments of the 2017 and 2022 programmes.Read the deep dive →
- United States Record in office16 min readData as of Nov 9, 2026Donald Trump: the record in figuresSeventeen indicators measured over each of the two terms, compared with the OECD as a whole over the same periods, and the main promises of the 2016 and 2024 campaigns.Read the deep dive →
- Germany Record in office13 min readData as of Nov 9, 2026Friedrich Merz: the record in figuresNineteen indicators measured since the Chancellor took office, compared with the European Union over the same period, and the main commitments of the CDU/CSU and of the 2025 coalition agreement.Read the deep dive →
- United Kingdom Record in office14 min readData as of Nov 9, 2026Andy Burnham and the Labour government: the record in figuresSixteen indicators measured since Labour came to power and since Andy Burnham took over, compared with the OECD as a whole over the same periods, and the main commitments of the 2024 manifesto and of the new Prime Minister.Read the deep dive →
- Japan Record in office12 min readData as of Nov 9, 2026Sanae Takaichi: the record in figuresSixteen indicators, nine of them already measurable since October 2025, compared with the OECD as a whole over the same period, and the Prime Minister’s main commitments.Read the deep dive →
- China Record in office14 min readData as of Nov 9, 2026Xi Jinping: the record in figuresThirteen indicators measured term by term, compared with the world where a world total exists, and the main quantified targets set by the Party Congresses and the five-year plans.Read the deep dive →
- Argentina Record in office13 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Javier Milei, two years on: the record of a shock therapyEleven indicators measured since Javier Milei took office (inflation, activity, unemployment, poverty, public balance and debt), compared with the world where a world total exists, and what became of his campaign promises.Read the deep dive →
- Brazil Record in office13 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Lula, third term: the record in figuresFourteen indicators measured since 1 January 2023 (growth, unemployment, prices, poverty, deficit, debt, emissions), compared with the world where a world total exists, and what became of the promises of the 2022 campaign.Read the deep dive →
- South Africa Energy4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Load-shedding: Eskom and the electricity crisisSouth Africa’s electricity generation by source since 2000, the share of coal, the rise of solar and wind, consumption per person and access to electricity.Read the deep dive →
- World Energy5 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026The Iran oil shock: what the Hormuz crisis costs the worldOil, gas, energy prices and inflation since the start of the war in Iran, from Europe to Asia and the United States.Read the deep dive →
- Saudi Arabia Growth4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Vision 2030 scaled back: NEOM and Saudi Arabia’s diversificationThe weight of oil, manufacturing, public revenue and foreign investment in Saudi Arabia since the launch of Vision 2030.Read the deep dive →
- Mexico Trade4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026USMCA: Mexico waiting on the review with WashingtonMexico’s trade with the United States, its manufacturing output, foreign investment and emigrants’ remittances, as the USMCA is reviewed.Read the deep dive →
- Canada Trade4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Trade war with the United States: the Canadian economy takes the hitCanadian exports to the United States, the sectors hit by US tariffs, output, unemployment and the policy rate since 2025.Read the deep dive →
- India Trade4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026US tariffs: who pays the bill in India?US imports of Indian goods, India’s exports to the United States and the rest of the world, the rupee and growth, before and after the 2025 tariffs.Read the deep dive →
- India Energy4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Coal, solar, heatwaves: India’s electricity transitionIndia’s electricity generation by source since 2000, the rise of solar, the share of coal, monthly demand and consumption per person compared with the world.Read the deep dive →
- United States Trade4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026United States: tariffs and the cost of living, the issue of the midtermsCustoms duties collected and refunded by the US Treasury, effective rate on imports, inflation and real wages: the figures behind the 2026 midterm campaign.Read the deep dive →
- Italy Energy4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Gas, electricity, industry: Italy faces the energy shockGas and electricity prices in Italy, the end of Qatari gas deliveries in 2026 and industry facing the energy shock, compared with the European Union.Read the deep dive →
- France Growth4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026An economy at a standstill: why France is falling behindGrowth, investment, household confidence, saving, unemployment and business failures: why the French economy is falling behind the euro area in 2026.Read the deep dive →
- Germany Growth4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026German industry stallsOutput, orders, exports to the United States and China, electricity prices and unemployment: the figures of German industry’s decline.Read the deep dive →
- China Trade4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026The record trade surplus: China exports its overcapacityRecord exports, a trade surplus above a trillion dollars, markets shifting from the United States to Asia and Europe: China’s foreign trade in figures.Read the deep dive →
- France Public deficit and debt6 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026The French State budget: where the money goes, where it comes fromSpending by mission and programme, revenue tax by tax, tax expenditures, debt interest: the French State budget executed from 2013 to 2025 and the year 2026 to date.Read the deep dive →
- France Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Oct 25, 2026Where do France’s deficit and debt come from?Public revenue and spending since 1995, item by item: pensions, health, tax cuts and a comparison with neighbouring countries.Read the deep dive →
- Germany Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Oct 27, 2026Where do Germany’s deficit and debt come from?German public revenue and spending since 1995, item by item, and a comparison with France on the same accounts.Read the deep dive →
- Italy Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Where does Italy’s public deficit come from?Italian public revenue and spending since 1995, item by item, and a comparison with France on the same accounts.Read the deep dive →
- Spain Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Where does Spain’s public deficit come from?Spanish public revenue and spending since 1995, item by item, and a comparison with France on the same accounts.Read the deep dive →
- United Kingdom Public deficit and debt5 min readData as of Oct 27, 2026Where do the UK’s deficit and debt come from?UK public revenue and spending since 1995, item by item, and a comparison with France on the same accounts.Read the deep dive →
- Turkey Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Where does Turkey’s public deficit come from?Turkish public revenue and spending since 2008, by type, and a comparison with France on the same statistics.Read the deep dive →
- United States Public deficit and debt3 min readData as of Oct 27, 2026Where do the US deficit and debt come from?Federal revenue and spending since 1960, item by item: health, retirement, taxes, interest and customs duties.Read the deep dive →
- Canada Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Where does Canada’s public deficit come from?Canadian public revenue and spending since 1995, by type, and a comparison with France on the same accounts.Read the deep dive →
- Mexico Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Where does Mexico’s public deficit come from?Mexican public revenue and spending since 2003, by type, and a comparison with France on the same accounts.Read the deep dive →
- Brazil Public deficit and debt5 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Where does Brazil’s public deficit come from?Brazilian public revenue and spending since 2010, item by item, and a comparison with France on the same statistics.Read the deep dive →
- Indonesia Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Indonesia: the 3% rule under strainIndonesian public revenue and spending since 2008, the 3%-of-GDP rule and a comparison with France on the same statistics.Read the deep dive →
- Russia Public deficit and debt5 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Russia: from oil surpluses to a war budgetRussian public revenue and spending since 2000, the weight of oil and gas, the balance during the war, and a comparison with France.Read the deep dive →
- Saudi Arabia Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Saudi Arabia: a budget hostage to oil pricesSaudi public revenue and spending, the reliance on oil, the return of deficits in 2024-2025 and a comparison with France.Read the deep dive →
- Japan Public deficit and debt4 min readData as of Oct 27, 2026Where do Japan’s deficit and debt come from?Japanese public revenue and spending since 2005, item by item, and the story of a debt that went from 63% to over 200% of GDP.Read the deep dive →
- South Korea Public deficit and debt5 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Where does South Korea’s public deficit come from?South Korean public revenue and spending since 1995, item by item, and a comparison with France on the same accounts.Read the deep dive →
- Australia Public deficit and debt5 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Where does Australia’s public deficit come from?Australian public revenue and spending since 1999, item by item, and a comparison with France on the same statistics.Read the deep dive →
- Russia Prices4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026A double-digit key rate: the Bank of Russia against inflationRussia’s key rate, inflation, lending rates and the rouble since 2014, from the Bank of Russia.Read the deep dive →
- Argentina Prices4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Inflation: how Argentina got out of three-digit inflation, and what is left of itRising prices in Argentina, from the surge of late 2023 to a much slower monthly pace in 2026: price categories, exchange rate and real wages.Read the deep dive →
- Brazil Prices4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Selic: Brazil facing its interest ratesThe Selic rate, inflation, the interest bill on public debt and household debt in Brazil, from the central bank and IBGE.Read the deep dive →
- Japan Prices4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Rice, yen, wages: the inflation Japan no longer expectedConsumer prices, cereals and rice, the yen against the dollar, Bank of Japan rates and wages: the return of inflation in Japan since 2022.Read the deep dive →
- Australia Prices4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Australia: the return of inflationInflation, electricity and rent prices, the Reserve Bank’s rate, wages and unemployment: why Australia raised rates in 2026.Read the deep dive →
- Turkey Prices4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Disinflation, Turkish style: how far has the way out of the crisis gone?Inflation, policy rate, real interest rate, the Turkish lira and growth: the fall in inflation in Türkiye since the 2024 peak, and what remains to be done.Read the deep dive →
- South Africa Jobs4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026One in three without work: anatomy of South African unemploymentSouth Africa’s official unemployment rate since 2008, the broader definition, youth and female unemployment, and the gap with the rest of the world.Read the deep dive →
- Saudi Arabia Jobs4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Saudi Arabia: Saudisation and women’s employmentParticipation, employment and unemployment of Saudi women and men since 2017, and the gap with foreign workers.Read the deep dive →
- Russia Jobs4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Russia: labour shortage, record-low unemployment and a shrinking populationUnemployment, employment and working-age population in Russia: a tight labour market against a background of demographic decline.Read the deep dive →
- India Jobs4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026India: record growth, jobs hard to findYouth unemployment, informal employment, women’s participation and jobs by sector in India since 2018, against GDP growth among the fastest in the world.Read the deep dive →
- Indonesia Jobs4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Indonesia: underemployment, why the street rumbles despite 5% growthUnemployment, underemployment, informal employment, youth not in employment or training and jobs by status in Indonesia, against GDP growth steady around 5%.Read the deep dive →
- South Africa Security3 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026South Africa: crime, what the police figures sayMurders, rapes and robberies recorded by the South African police since 2021, and one of the highest homicide rates in the world.Read the deep dive →
- Mexico Security4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Mexico, insecurity: what the victimisation surveys measureCrime victims, unreported crime, perceived insecurity and the cost of crime from INEGI’s victimisation survey, and Mexico’s homicide rate compared with Latin America and the world.Read the deep dive →
- Turkey Immigration4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Long the world’s first host of refugees: Türkiye after the fall of AssadRefugees and asylum-seekers hosted by Türkiye since 2010, the place of Syrians, the country’s rank among host countries and returns to Syria since the fall of Assad.Read the deep dive →
- United Kingdom Immigration4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Small boats, hotels, visas: immigration in the United Kingdom in figuresSmall boat crossings of the Channel, asylum claims, asylum seekers in hotels, visas and net migration in the United Kingdom, from the Home Office and the ONS.Read the deep dive →
- United States Immigration4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Deportations, detention, border: US immigration policy in figuresEncounters at the Mexican border, people in immigration detention, removals, cases pending before the immigration courts, green cards and refugees, from the US federal agencies.Read the deep dive →
- Canada Housing4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Housing: why Canada does not build enoughHousing starts, population growth, new home prices, rents and construction costs: the gap between population and housing supply in Canada.Read the deep dive →
- South Korea Housing4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Seoul, property and the jeonse: the battle for housingSale and jeonse prices, rents, the policy rate, household debt and building permits in South Korea since 1990.Read the deep dive →
- Australia Housing4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Rates up, prices down: the turn of Australia’s housing marketThe Reserve Bank’s rate, mortgage rates, house prices, rents, household debt and homes built in Australia.Read the deep dive →
- China Housing5 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Property: the broken engine of China’s economyHouse prices, consumer and producer prices, lending rates, household debt, consumption, industry and exports in China.Read the deep dive →
- European Union Pensions5 min readData as of Oct 30, 2026Pensions: what the figures sayPension expenditure, exit age and normal retirement age, older workers’ employment and the income of people aged 65+ in Europe; the COR’s French trajectory to 2070.Read the deep dive →
- Argentina Social cohesion4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Poverty in Argentina: the 2024 surge, the 2025-2026 refluxThe poverty rate measured by INDEC, from its peak in early 2024 to the 2025-2026 reflux: indigence, children, depth of poverty and unemployment.Read the deep dive →
- Indonesia Social cohesion4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Free meals: Prabowo’s flagship programme put to the budget testChild stunting, malnutrition, food insecurity, Indonesia’s public revenue, spending and deficit, and the rupiah, around the free meals programme.Read the deep dive →
- European Union Defence4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Rearmament: is Europe finally spending on its defence?Defence spending by the European Union’s member states according to their public accounts: level, recent rise, equipment purchases and gaps between countries.Read the deep dive →
- South Korea Demography4 min readData as of Nov 12, 2026Fewer than one child per woman: Korea facing its demographic collapseFertility, births, deaths, marriages and ageing: South Korea, the country with the lowest fertility in the world, and the slight rebound of 2024-2025.Read the deep dive →
